BIO 351 MODULE 5 (2026/2027) QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
The craniofacial skeletal tissues are primarily derived from a combination of
___________ and _________?
Cranial neural crest, mesoderm
Which of the following embryonic structures gives rise to Meckel's cartilage, the
precursor of the mandible?
Pharyngeal Arch 1
Which of the following are necessary for cranial neural crest cell multipotency and
survival?
FGF8
A farmer has several ewes that gave birth to lambs with cyclopia and midline
craniofacial defects. This is most likely due to which of the following?
Exposure to agents that antagonize Shh signaling
In the early embryo what signals must occur together in the splanchnic mesoderm
for cardiogenic mesoderm to be specified?
,DKK, Crescent, Cereberus, FGF8, and BMP
Which of the following represents an important outcome of looping?
Establishment of left-right asymmetry
During heart development which of the following represent the correct temporal
events in morphogenesis?
A. Formation of heart primordia, formation of the linear heart tube, looping, and
septation
Defects in endocardial cushions are often associated with craniofacial defects
suggesting a common link to neural crest cells.
True
The neural crest is derived from _______. An important step in neural crest
induction is activation of the __________ promoter. Fill in the blanks with best
answer.
ectoderm, β-catenin
In the diagrams below, which one illustrates the most likely outcome of a selective
defect in cardiac neural crest development?
D
, Which of the following genes is essential for melanocyte development?
KIT
Choose the best answer from the dropdown menus. Melanocytes derive from
["endoderm", "neural crest", "mesoderm", "hypoderm"] and migrate ["rostrally",
"ventrally", "dorsolaterally", "caudally"].
neural crest, dorsolaterally
Vasculogenesis is an _____________ process that makes new blood vessels, and
________ trims and remodels the vasculature.
embryonic, angiogenesis
Hemangioblasts are specified by ______________ in the ________________.
FGF2 signaling, splanchnic mesoderm
If you made a knockout of EphB4, how would this affect development of the
circulatory system?
Arteries and veins would not connect properly
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
The craniofacial skeletal tissues are primarily derived from a combination of
___________ and _________?
Cranial neural crest, mesoderm
Which of the following embryonic structures gives rise to Meckel's cartilage, the
precursor of the mandible?
Pharyngeal Arch 1
Which of the following are necessary for cranial neural crest cell multipotency and
survival?
FGF8
A farmer has several ewes that gave birth to lambs with cyclopia and midline
craniofacial defects. This is most likely due to which of the following?
Exposure to agents that antagonize Shh signaling
In the early embryo what signals must occur together in the splanchnic mesoderm
for cardiogenic mesoderm to be specified?
,DKK, Crescent, Cereberus, FGF8, and BMP
Which of the following represents an important outcome of looping?
Establishment of left-right asymmetry
During heart development which of the following represent the correct temporal
events in morphogenesis?
A. Formation of heart primordia, formation of the linear heart tube, looping, and
septation
Defects in endocardial cushions are often associated with craniofacial defects
suggesting a common link to neural crest cells.
True
The neural crest is derived from _______. An important step in neural crest
induction is activation of the __________ promoter. Fill in the blanks with best
answer.
ectoderm, β-catenin
In the diagrams below, which one illustrates the most likely outcome of a selective
defect in cardiac neural crest development?
D
, Which of the following genes is essential for melanocyte development?
KIT
Choose the best answer from the dropdown menus. Melanocytes derive from
["endoderm", "neural crest", "mesoderm", "hypoderm"] and migrate ["rostrally",
"ventrally", "dorsolaterally", "caudally"].
neural crest, dorsolaterally
Vasculogenesis is an _____________ process that makes new blood vessels, and
________ trims and remodels the vasculature.
embryonic, angiogenesis
Hemangioblasts are specified by ______________ in the ________________.
FGF2 signaling, splanchnic mesoderm
If you made a knockout of EphB4, how would this affect development of the
circulatory system?
Arteries and veins would not connect properly
