WCU Pathophysiology 370 Final
Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
Which is a required for red blood cell production? (Select all that apply.)
a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin K
e. Vitamin C - Answer- a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. A ventricular septal defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
c. Transposition of the great arteries
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening - Answer- a. A ventricular
septal defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening
The term diverticulosis refers to a condition characterized by
a. Polyps or growths on the colon wall
b. Inflammation of small pockets in the colon wall
c. Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
d. Congenital herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa - Answer-
c. Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart
contributes to
a. Hypertension
b. Dysrhythmias
c. Truncus arteriosus
d. Ischemic heart disease - Answer- d. Ischemic heart disease
,Endothelial cells are important regulators of vascular tone. They secrete variable
amounts of constricting and relaxing factors to control tissue perfusion.
Hypertension is a result of a variety of factors not all related to vascular tone.
Dysrhythmias would affect conduction and the function of the heart chambers but not
vascular tone.
Truncus arteriosus results in only one large artery leaving the heart.
Anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by the lack of
a. Adrenaline
b. Erythropoietin
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Parathyroid hormone - Answer- b. Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin is secreted by the kidney in response to hypoxia caused by a low
hemoglobin concentration. Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce
mature red blood cells. The tissue of the diseased kidney has difficulty producing this
hormone.
A lack of adrenaline, thyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone are not factors in
anemia of chronic renal failure.
A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without
problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when
given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that
the patient
a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
b. Is experiencing a reaction to something other than the antibiotic
c. Has received the wrong medication
d. Has developed autoimmunity - Answer- a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic
hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
It is a fallacy that a patient will not develop allergies to a drug if the drug has been taken
in the past without problems. Hypersensitivity reactions are specific to a particular
antigen and usually do not occur on first exposure to the antigen. The symptoms are
those seen in anaphylactic reactions and antibiotic use should be considered.
Receiving the wrong medication would not necessarily result in this symptomology.
Autoimmunity issues relate to the body's reaction to itself as foreign and not to
medications.
Which statement regarding serum magnesium (Mg ++) is true? (Select all that apply.)
a. Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
b. Vomiting is not generally seen as a major cause of Mg+ loss.
c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies. - Answer- a.
Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
,d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies.
A patient with chronic renal failure who exhibits the inability to excrete fluid is likely to
present with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Rales
b. Nausea
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention - Answer- a. Rales
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention
Which statement is true regarding systemic lupus erythematosus?
a. It is more common in Caucasian men.
b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
c. It affects only one organ system.
d. It is a progressive disease. - Answer- b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, inflammatory disease.
It affects African Americans and women more commonly.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem disorder.
It is characterized by exacerbations and then remissions.
Which term refers to a state of tension that can lead to disruption or threaten physical
stability?
a. Stress
b. Adaptive
c. Exhaustion
d. Homeostasis - Answer- a. Stress
Abnormal new cellular growth is referred to as
a. Apoptosis
b. Neoplasia
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Suppressor genes - Answer- b. Neoplasia
Neoplasia means abnormal "new growth."
Apoptosis is the ability of the normal cell to respond to signals instructing the cell to
commit suicide.
Proto-oncogenes code for components of cellular growth-activating pathways.
Tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell proliferation.
COPD type A is referred to as
a. Chronic bronchitis
, b. Bronchiectasis
d. Emphysema
d. Asthma - Answer- d. Emphysema
Emphysema is also referred as COPD type A, or the pink puer.
Chronic bronchitis is referred to as type B COPD.
Bronchiectasis is associated with recurrent inflammation of the bronchial walls; it is not
commonly associated with COPD.
Asthma is an inflammatory lung disease.
Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely to occur as the result of chronic ischemia
to a region?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Metaplasia
d. Atrophy - Answer- d. Atrophy
Ischemia is inadequate blood supply to a tissue. Chronic sublethal ischemia usually
results in cell atrophy.
Hypertrophy would result in an increase in cell size in response to increased
physiological demand.
Hyperplasia would result in an increased number of cells in response to increased
physiological demand.
Metaplasia is the replacement of one dierentiated cell type with another better suited for
the situation
Which statement is true regarding thalassemia?
a. α-Thalassemia is found primarily in individuals of Mediterranean descent.
b. β-Thalassemia is found primarily in individuals of Asian descent. c. It is a deficiency
of one or more polypeptide chains.
d. It is caused by toxins. - Answer- c. It is a deficiency of one or more polypeptide
chains.
Thalassemia is caused by destruction or hemolysis of red blood cells. These diseases
are caused by mutant genes that suppress the rate of synthesis of globin chains, which
are composed of two pairs of polypeptide chains.
α-Thalassemia is common in Asians.
β-thalassemia is common in individuals of Mediterranean descent.
The cause of this disorder does not relate to toxins.
Gouty arthritis is a complication of
a. group A streptococcal infection.
b. autoimmune destruction of joint collagen.
c. excessive production of urea.
d. inadequate renal excretion of uric acid. - Answer- d. inadequate renal excretion of
uric acid.
Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
Which is a required for red blood cell production? (Select all that apply.)
a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin K
e. Vitamin C - Answer- a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. A ventricular septal defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
c. Transposition of the great arteries
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening - Answer- a. A ventricular
septal defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening
The term diverticulosis refers to a condition characterized by
a. Polyps or growths on the colon wall
b. Inflammation of small pockets in the colon wall
c. Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
d. Congenital herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa - Answer-
c. Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart
contributes to
a. Hypertension
b. Dysrhythmias
c. Truncus arteriosus
d. Ischemic heart disease - Answer- d. Ischemic heart disease
,Endothelial cells are important regulators of vascular tone. They secrete variable
amounts of constricting and relaxing factors to control tissue perfusion.
Hypertension is a result of a variety of factors not all related to vascular tone.
Dysrhythmias would affect conduction and the function of the heart chambers but not
vascular tone.
Truncus arteriosus results in only one large artery leaving the heart.
Anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by the lack of
a. Adrenaline
b. Erythropoietin
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Parathyroid hormone - Answer- b. Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin is secreted by the kidney in response to hypoxia caused by a low
hemoglobin concentration. Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce
mature red blood cells. The tissue of the diseased kidney has difficulty producing this
hormone.
A lack of adrenaline, thyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone are not factors in
anemia of chronic renal failure.
A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without
problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when
given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that
the patient
a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
b. Is experiencing a reaction to something other than the antibiotic
c. Has received the wrong medication
d. Has developed autoimmunity - Answer- a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic
hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
It is a fallacy that a patient will not develop allergies to a drug if the drug has been taken
in the past without problems. Hypersensitivity reactions are specific to a particular
antigen and usually do not occur on first exposure to the antigen. The symptoms are
those seen in anaphylactic reactions and antibiotic use should be considered.
Receiving the wrong medication would not necessarily result in this symptomology.
Autoimmunity issues relate to the body's reaction to itself as foreign and not to
medications.
Which statement regarding serum magnesium (Mg ++) is true? (Select all that apply.)
a. Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
b. Vomiting is not generally seen as a major cause of Mg+ loss.
c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies. - Answer- a.
Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
,d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies.
A patient with chronic renal failure who exhibits the inability to excrete fluid is likely to
present with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Rales
b. Nausea
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention - Answer- a. Rales
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention
Which statement is true regarding systemic lupus erythematosus?
a. It is more common in Caucasian men.
b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
c. It affects only one organ system.
d. It is a progressive disease. - Answer- b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, inflammatory disease.
It affects African Americans and women more commonly.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem disorder.
It is characterized by exacerbations and then remissions.
Which term refers to a state of tension that can lead to disruption or threaten physical
stability?
a. Stress
b. Adaptive
c. Exhaustion
d. Homeostasis - Answer- a. Stress
Abnormal new cellular growth is referred to as
a. Apoptosis
b. Neoplasia
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Suppressor genes - Answer- b. Neoplasia
Neoplasia means abnormal "new growth."
Apoptosis is the ability of the normal cell to respond to signals instructing the cell to
commit suicide.
Proto-oncogenes code for components of cellular growth-activating pathways.
Tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell proliferation.
COPD type A is referred to as
a. Chronic bronchitis
, b. Bronchiectasis
d. Emphysema
d. Asthma - Answer- d. Emphysema
Emphysema is also referred as COPD type A, or the pink puer.
Chronic bronchitis is referred to as type B COPD.
Bronchiectasis is associated with recurrent inflammation of the bronchial walls; it is not
commonly associated with COPD.
Asthma is an inflammatory lung disease.
Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely to occur as the result of chronic ischemia
to a region?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Metaplasia
d. Atrophy - Answer- d. Atrophy
Ischemia is inadequate blood supply to a tissue. Chronic sublethal ischemia usually
results in cell atrophy.
Hypertrophy would result in an increase in cell size in response to increased
physiological demand.
Hyperplasia would result in an increased number of cells in response to increased
physiological demand.
Metaplasia is the replacement of one dierentiated cell type with another better suited for
the situation
Which statement is true regarding thalassemia?
a. α-Thalassemia is found primarily in individuals of Mediterranean descent.
b. β-Thalassemia is found primarily in individuals of Asian descent. c. It is a deficiency
of one or more polypeptide chains.
d. It is caused by toxins. - Answer- c. It is a deficiency of one or more polypeptide
chains.
Thalassemia is caused by destruction or hemolysis of red blood cells. These diseases
are caused by mutant genes that suppress the rate of synthesis of globin chains, which
are composed of two pairs of polypeptide chains.
α-Thalassemia is common in Asians.
β-thalassemia is common in individuals of Mediterranean descent.
The cause of this disorder does not relate to toxins.
Gouty arthritis is a complication of
a. group A streptococcal infection.
b. autoimmune destruction of joint collagen.
c. excessive production of urea.
d. inadequate renal excretion of uric acid. - Answer- d. inadequate renal excretion of
uric acid.
