NAVLE TOPIC OUTLINE & STRUCTURED
MATERIAL GET CERTIFIED 2026.
◉ You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves
between the age of 2 weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak,
dyspneic and die suddenly. On necropsy they have pale cardiac and
skeletal muscles. What is the farmer's problem?
A - Copper deficiency
B - Sorghum toxicity
C - Lightning strike
D - Selenium deficiency Answer: D
The correct answer is selenium deficiency. The pale muscle and
clinical signs are classic for vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This
is important to remember! Other things that should be on your
differential list for this case include cardiotoxic plants.
◉ A 6-year old intact male domestic short haired cat presents with
acute onset exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is
painful on palpation around his eye and head. The eye can be
retropulsed with minimal resistance. He has not been eating in the
past day and has a rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A - Orbital neoplasia
,B - Retrobulbar abscess
C - Anterior uveitis
D - Glaucoma Answer: B
The answer is a retrobulbar abscess. Acute, painful exophthalmos is
usually due to retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually
painful and may be swollen. These animals are frequently
systemically ill with fever and leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar
abscesses include penetrating wounds, foreign bodies, spread from
dental or sinus infection, and hematogenous spread. Glaucoma does
not cause exophthalmos, although, chronically it can cause
buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior uveitis also does not
cause exophthalmos.
◉ You are an associate veterinarian paid a base salary of $55,000
annually, plus a 8 % bonus based on receipts above your monthly
production goal of $23,000. Bonuses are paid quarterly. Your last
three month's production were:
$23,000, $28,000, and $27,000.
How much is your quarterly bonus?
A - $670
B - $840
C - $720
D - $810
,E - $900 Answer: C $720
If $23,000 is the monthly production goal, then the month you
brought in $23,000 does not count towards a bonus.
In the second month, $ 28,000 = $5000 above goal
In the third month $ 27,000 = $4000 above goal
Total above production goal = $5000+$4000= $9000
$9000 X (0.08 bonus rate) = $720.
Many practices use a combination system with a base salary and a
production-based bonus if you bring in more than a monthly
production goal, but no penalty if you are below that monthly goal,
which is good if you are a new graduate, and helps in low traffic
months at the clinic.
◉ A 10-year old female spayed Siamese cat presents for a new lump
the owner found a month ago. She was spayed last year before she
was adopted from the shelter. The owner states that the lump has
grown over the last month, and it doesn't seem to bother the cat. On
exam, the 2 cm lump is located on the left 2nd mammary gland, and
no other lumps are noted. The lump is freely moveable, and chest
radiographs are clear. What is the chance that this tumor is malignant?
, A - 5%
B - 50%
C - 20%
D - 85% Answer: D
70-90% of all feline mammary tumors are malignant. Spaying a cat
before 6 months of age reduces the risk for mammary tumors by 7
fold.
The statistics for dogs is a 50:50 chance of malignancy for a single
mammary mass.
◉ This 25 year old Quarter Horse mare is presented for evaluation in
July in the northern hemisphere. She is diagnosed with pituitary pars
intermedia dysfunction. Which one of the following medications
would be most likely to be beneficial to this mare?
A - Isoxsuprine
B - Glucocorticoids
C - Pentoxifylline
D - Pergolide
E - Methimazole Answer: D
Pergolide is the treatment of choice for pituitary pars intermedia
dysfunction (PPID). PPID is characterized by degeneration of
dopamine producing neurons in the hypothalamus that normally exert
MATERIAL GET CERTIFIED 2026.
◉ You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves
between the age of 2 weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak,
dyspneic and die suddenly. On necropsy they have pale cardiac and
skeletal muscles. What is the farmer's problem?
A - Copper deficiency
B - Sorghum toxicity
C - Lightning strike
D - Selenium deficiency Answer: D
The correct answer is selenium deficiency. The pale muscle and
clinical signs are classic for vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This
is important to remember! Other things that should be on your
differential list for this case include cardiotoxic plants.
◉ A 6-year old intact male domestic short haired cat presents with
acute onset exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is
painful on palpation around his eye and head. The eye can be
retropulsed with minimal resistance. He has not been eating in the
past day and has a rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A - Orbital neoplasia
,B - Retrobulbar abscess
C - Anterior uveitis
D - Glaucoma Answer: B
The answer is a retrobulbar abscess. Acute, painful exophthalmos is
usually due to retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually
painful and may be swollen. These animals are frequently
systemically ill with fever and leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar
abscesses include penetrating wounds, foreign bodies, spread from
dental or sinus infection, and hematogenous spread. Glaucoma does
not cause exophthalmos, although, chronically it can cause
buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior uveitis also does not
cause exophthalmos.
◉ You are an associate veterinarian paid a base salary of $55,000
annually, plus a 8 % bonus based on receipts above your monthly
production goal of $23,000. Bonuses are paid quarterly. Your last
three month's production were:
$23,000, $28,000, and $27,000.
How much is your quarterly bonus?
A - $670
B - $840
C - $720
D - $810
,E - $900 Answer: C $720
If $23,000 is the monthly production goal, then the month you
brought in $23,000 does not count towards a bonus.
In the second month, $ 28,000 = $5000 above goal
In the third month $ 27,000 = $4000 above goal
Total above production goal = $5000+$4000= $9000
$9000 X (0.08 bonus rate) = $720.
Many practices use a combination system with a base salary and a
production-based bonus if you bring in more than a monthly
production goal, but no penalty if you are below that monthly goal,
which is good if you are a new graduate, and helps in low traffic
months at the clinic.
◉ A 10-year old female spayed Siamese cat presents for a new lump
the owner found a month ago. She was spayed last year before she
was adopted from the shelter. The owner states that the lump has
grown over the last month, and it doesn't seem to bother the cat. On
exam, the 2 cm lump is located on the left 2nd mammary gland, and
no other lumps are noted. The lump is freely moveable, and chest
radiographs are clear. What is the chance that this tumor is malignant?
, A - 5%
B - 50%
C - 20%
D - 85% Answer: D
70-90% of all feline mammary tumors are malignant. Spaying a cat
before 6 months of age reduces the risk for mammary tumors by 7
fold.
The statistics for dogs is a 50:50 chance of malignancy for a single
mammary mass.
◉ This 25 year old Quarter Horse mare is presented for evaluation in
July in the northern hemisphere. She is diagnosed with pituitary pars
intermedia dysfunction. Which one of the following medications
would be most likely to be beneficial to this mare?
A - Isoxsuprine
B - Glucocorticoids
C - Pentoxifylline
D - Pergolide
E - Methimazole Answer: D
Pergolide is the treatment of choice for pituitary pars intermedia
dysfunction (PPID). PPID is characterized by degeneration of
dopamine producing neurons in the hypothalamus that normally exert
