WGU D115 OA ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGYEXAM 2026 | PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES AND A READINESS PRACTICE
EXAM TEST BANK WITH A STUDY GUIDE |
LATEST UPDATED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS
1. A mutation changes a codon from GGA to GGU but codes for the same amino acid.
This is known as:
A. Missense mutation
B. Silent mutation
C. Nonsense mutation
D. Frameshift mutation
Answer: Silent mutation
Rationale: Silent mutations alter the nucleotide sequence without changing the amino
acid due to redundancy of the genetic code.
2. Free radical injury occurs primarily due to:
A. Defective DNA replication
B. Oxidative stress damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Increased cellular hydration
Answer: Oxidative stress damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
Rationale: Oxygen-derived free radicals cause lipid peroxidation and DNA strand
breaks.
3. Apoptosis vs. necrosis differs primarily by:
A. Inflammation presence
B. ATP production
C. Cell size
D. Protein synthesis
Answer: Inflammation presence
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death without inflammation; necrosis is chaotic
with inflammatory response.
4. In hypoxic injury, the first biochemical change is:
A. DNA fragmentation
B. Decreased ATP production from mitochondrial failure
C. Protein coagulation
, D. Cytoplasmic calcium depletion
Answer: Decreased ATP production from mitochondrial failure
Rationale: Lack of oxygen halts oxidative phosphorylation, reducing ATP.
5. Autosomal dominant disorders show a recurrence risk in offspring of:
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D. 0%
Answer: 50%
Rationale: Each child inherits one allele; if one parent has the defect, risk = 50%.
💉 Section 2: Inflammation & Immunity
6. Hallmark of acute inflammation:
A. Granuloma formation
B. Neutrophil infiltration
C. Fibrosis
D. Lymphocyte predominance
Answer: Neutrophil infiltration
Rationale: Neutrophils are first responders in acute inflammation.
7. Complement system enhances immune response by:
A. Inhibiting phagocytosis
B. Opsonizing pathogens, forming MAC, and chemotaxis
C. Block T-cell activation
D. Producing hormones
Answer: Opsonizing pathogens, forming MAC, and chemotaxis
Rationale: Complement cascade promotes cell lysis and phagocytosis.
8. Anaphylaxis results from:
A. Type II hypersensitivity
B. Type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated)
C. Type III immune complex
D. Type IV delayed-type reaction
Answer: Type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated)
Rationale: Mast cell degranulation → histamine → bronchoconstriction, hypotension.
9. Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes and macrophages
C. Mast cells only
D. Eosinophils exclusively
Answer: Lymphocytes and macrophages
Rationale: Chronic inflammation shows mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis.
10. In autoimmune diseases, loss of tolerance is due to:
A. Failure of clonal deletion in thymus
B. Viral mutation
C. Excess vitamin D
D. Protein excess
PATHOPHYSIOLOGYEXAM 2026 | PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES AND A READINESS PRACTICE
EXAM TEST BANK WITH A STUDY GUIDE |
LATEST UPDATED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS
1. A mutation changes a codon from GGA to GGU but codes for the same amino acid.
This is known as:
A. Missense mutation
B. Silent mutation
C. Nonsense mutation
D. Frameshift mutation
Answer: Silent mutation
Rationale: Silent mutations alter the nucleotide sequence without changing the amino
acid due to redundancy of the genetic code.
2. Free radical injury occurs primarily due to:
A. Defective DNA replication
B. Oxidative stress damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Increased cellular hydration
Answer: Oxidative stress damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
Rationale: Oxygen-derived free radicals cause lipid peroxidation and DNA strand
breaks.
3. Apoptosis vs. necrosis differs primarily by:
A. Inflammation presence
B. ATP production
C. Cell size
D. Protein synthesis
Answer: Inflammation presence
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death without inflammation; necrosis is chaotic
with inflammatory response.
4. In hypoxic injury, the first biochemical change is:
A. DNA fragmentation
B. Decreased ATP production from mitochondrial failure
C. Protein coagulation
, D. Cytoplasmic calcium depletion
Answer: Decreased ATP production from mitochondrial failure
Rationale: Lack of oxygen halts oxidative phosphorylation, reducing ATP.
5. Autosomal dominant disorders show a recurrence risk in offspring of:
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D. 0%
Answer: 50%
Rationale: Each child inherits one allele; if one parent has the defect, risk = 50%.
💉 Section 2: Inflammation & Immunity
6. Hallmark of acute inflammation:
A. Granuloma formation
B. Neutrophil infiltration
C. Fibrosis
D. Lymphocyte predominance
Answer: Neutrophil infiltration
Rationale: Neutrophils are first responders in acute inflammation.
7. Complement system enhances immune response by:
A. Inhibiting phagocytosis
B. Opsonizing pathogens, forming MAC, and chemotaxis
C. Block T-cell activation
D. Producing hormones
Answer: Opsonizing pathogens, forming MAC, and chemotaxis
Rationale: Complement cascade promotes cell lysis and phagocytosis.
8. Anaphylaxis results from:
A. Type II hypersensitivity
B. Type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated)
C. Type III immune complex
D. Type IV delayed-type reaction
Answer: Type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated)
Rationale: Mast cell degranulation → histamine → bronchoconstriction, hypotension.
9. Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes and macrophages
C. Mast cells only
D. Eosinophils exclusively
Answer: Lymphocytes and macrophages
Rationale: Chronic inflammation shows mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis.
10. In autoimmune diseases, loss of tolerance is due to:
A. Failure of clonal deletion in thymus
B. Viral mutation
C. Excess vitamin D
D. Protein excess
