2025 AQA AS ECONOMICS Paper 1 The Operation of
Markets and Market Failure Question Paper & Mark
Please write clearly in block capitals.
Scheme (Merged) Tuesday 13 May 2025 [VERIFIED]
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.
AS
ECONOMICS
Paper 1 The Operation of Markets and Market Failure
Tuesday 13 May 2025 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
the Insert
Section Mark
a calculator.
A
Instructions B
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
TOTAL
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions in Section A.
Answer either Context 1 or Context 2 in Section B.
You will need to refer to the Insert provided to answer Section B.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around
each page or on blank pages.
If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book.
Write the question number against your answer(s).
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Information
The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
No deductions will be made for wrong answers.
7135/1
IB/M/Jun25/G4003/V4
, 2
Do not write
outside the
Section A
box
Answer all questions in this section.
Only one answer per question is allowed.
For each question completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.
CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS
If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.
If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.
0 1 Which one of the following would not be classified by an economist as a factor of production?
[1 mark]
A Labour temporarily out of work
B Money in a firm’s bank account
C Non-agricultural land
D Risk-taking entrepreneurs
0 2 The central purpose of economic activity is the production of goods and services to satisfy needs and
wants.
Which of the following is one of the three key decisions that has to be taken to achieve this?
[1 mark]
A How to achieve economies of scale
B What goods and services to produce
C Where to locate businesses
D Whether to maximise profit or sales
IB/M/Jun25/71351/1
, 3
Do not write
outside the
0 3 Figure 1 shows the market demand for electric cars. box
Figure 1
The shift of the market demand curve from D1 to D2 would most likely be caused by
[1 mark]
A a fall in the price of electric cars.
B a government subsidy to producers of electric cars.
C a marketing campaign promoting electric cars.
D a reduction in the price of petrol and diesel fuels.
0 4 A firm hopes to increase its market share by setting its prices lower than most of its competitors.
What is the most likely reason for this strategy?
[1 mark]
A The firm has a licence that gives it a temporary monopoly
B The firm is a price taker in a very competitive market
C The firm is aiming to differentiate its products from its competitors
D The firm is aiming to increase its long-run profits
Turn over ►
IB/M/Jun25/71351/1
, 4
Do not write
outside the
0 5 A firm allows customers to personalise a mug with a name of their choice, which it sells for box
£15. The firm pays £3 for each mug. The paint and labour cost an extra £7. The firm has fixed costs of £150
per month and in a typical month, it produces and sells 60 mugs.
What is the average cost of producing one personalised mug?
[1 mark]
A £2.50
B £5
C £10
D £12.50
0 6 One reason why merit goods, such as education and health care, can lead to market failure is that
[1 mark]
A individuals are unwilling to pay for merit goods.
B individuals have incomplete information about merit goods.
C merit goods are generally provided free by the government.
D merit goods are subject to the free-rider problem.
IB/M/Jun25/71351/1
Markets and Market Failure Question Paper & Mark
Please write clearly in block capitals.
Scheme (Merged) Tuesday 13 May 2025 [VERIFIED]
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.
AS
ECONOMICS
Paper 1 The Operation of Markets and Market Failure
Tuesday 13 May 2025 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
the Insert
Section Mark
a calculator.
A
Instructions B
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
TOTAL
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions in Section A.
Answer either Context 1 or Context 2 in Section B.
You will need to refer to the Insert provided to answer Section B.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around
each page or on blank pages.
If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book.
Write the question number against your answer(s).
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Information
The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
No deductions will be made for wrong answers.
7135/1
IB/M/Jun25/G4003/V4
, 2
Do not write
outside the
Section A
box
Answer all questions in this section.
Only one answer per question is allowed.
For each question completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.
CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS
If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.
If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.
0 1 Which one of the following would not be classified by an economist as a factor of production?
[1 mark]
A Labour temporarily out of work
B Money in a firm’s bank account
C Non-agricultural land
D Risk-taking entrepreneurs
0 2 The central purpose of economic activity is the production of goods and services to satisfy needs and
wants.
Which of the following is one of the three key decisions that has to be taken to achieve this?
[1 mark]
A How to achieve economies of scale
B What goods and services to produce
C Where to locate businesses
D Whether to maximise profit or sales
IB/M/Jun25/71351/1
, 3
Do not write
outside the
0 3 Figure 1 shows the market demand for electric cars. box
Figure 1
The shift of the market demand curve from D1 to D2 would most likely be caused by
[1 mark]
A a fall in the price of electric cars.
B a government subsidy to producers of electric cars.
C a marketing campaign promoting electric cars.
D a reduction in the price of petrol and diesel fuels.
0 4 A firm hopes to increase its market share by setting its prices lower than most of its competitors.
What is the most likely reason for this strategy?
[1 mark]
A The firm has a licence that gives it a temporary monopoly
B The firm is a price taker in a very competitive market
C The firm is aiming to differentiate its products from its competitors
D The firm is aiming to increase its long-run profits
Turn over ►
IB/M/Jun25/71351/1
, 4
Do not write
outside the
0 5 A firm allows customers to personalise a mug with a name of their choice, which it sells for box
£15. The firm pays £3 for each mug. The paint and labour cost an extra £7. The firm has fixed costs of £150
per month and in a typical month, it produces and sells 60 mugs.
What is the average cost of producing one personalised mug?
[1 mark]
A £2.50
B £5
C £10
D £12.50
0 6 One reason why merit goods, such as education and health care, can lead to market failure is that
[1 mark]
A individuals are unwilling to pay for merit goods.
B individuals have incomplete information about merit goods.
C merit goods are generally provided free by the government.
D merit goods are subject to the free-rider problem.
IB/M/Jun25/71351/1
