DAVITAFINALEXAMQUESTIONSWITH b b b b
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025 b b b
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable membrane. b b b b b b b
● Convection
: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the semipermeable membrane. In
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
this way, convection adds to the clearance achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
with the ultrafiltrate.
b b b
● Diffusion
: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from the side with the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
higher concentration to the side with the lower concentration. This difference in solute conc
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
entration on each side of the membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the concen
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
tration gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved particle is the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion stops.
b b b b b b b b b b
● Osmosis
: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from an area of high concentra tion
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
to one of low
b b b b
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved compounds (called
b b b b b b b b b b b b
solutes) will spread out until there is
b b b b b b b
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
b b b b b
What are the kidneys excretory functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b
To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
b b b b b b b b b
,What is the function of the acid concentration - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b
Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
b b b b b b b b b
What is the function of bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER -Buffers the acid concentrate
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b
> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
b b b b b b b b b b b
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b
< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis,respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmia s,
b b b b b b b b b b b b
cardiac arrest
b b
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER - Renin
b b b b b b b b b b
secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
b b b b b b
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b
Provide medications
b b
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER -15%
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - CORRECT ANSWER -Diabetes Hypertension
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Polycystic Kidney Disease b b
, Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - CORRECT ANSWER -- slowing
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the progression of ckd
b b b b
-managing comorbidities and complications b b b
-controlling symptoms b
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles b b b b b b b
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
b b b b
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare b b b b b b b
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and assessmen t
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Why is sodium balance important? - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b
Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and
b b b b b b b b b b b
increased blood pressure
b b b
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER - Edema,
b b b b b b b b b b
hypertension, shortness of breath
b b b b
Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of: dry itchy skin, pe
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems - CORRECT ANSWER -Use hyper-
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN and phys
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
b b b b b
What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER - Left
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ventricular hypertrophy
b b
What is Percarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b
Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial sac) around the heart b b b b b b b b
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025 b b b
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable membrane. b b b b b b b
● Convection
: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the semipermeable membrane. In
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
this way, convection adds to the clearance achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
with the ultrafiltrate.
b b b
● Diffusion
: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from the side with the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
higher concentration to the side with the lower concentration. This difference in solute conc
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
entration on each side of the membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the concen
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
tration gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved particle is the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion stops.
b b b b b b b b b b
● Osmosis
: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from an area of high concentra tion
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
to one of low
b b b b
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved compounds (called
b b b b b b b b b b b b
solutes) will spread out until there is
b b b b b b b
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
b b b b b
What are the kidneys excretory functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b
To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
b b b b b b b b b
,What is the function of the acid concentration - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b
Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
b b b b b b b b b
What is the function of bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER -Buffers the acid concentrate
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b
> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
b b b b b b b b b b b
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b
< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis,respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmia s,
b b b b b b b b b b b b
cardiac arrest
b b
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER - Renin
b b b b b b b b b b
secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
b b b b b b
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b
Provide medications
b b
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER -15%
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - CORRECT ANSWER -Diabetes Hypertension
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Polycystic Kidney Disease b b
, Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - CORRECT ANSWER -- slowing
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the progression of ckd
b b b b
-managing comorbidities and complications b b b
-controlling symptoms b
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles b b b b b b b
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
b b b b
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare b b b b b b b
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and assessmen t
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Why is sodium balance important? - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b b b
Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and
b b b b b b b b b b b
increased blood pressure
b b b
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER - Edema,
b b b b b b b b b b
hypertension, shortness of breath
b b b b
Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of: dry itchy skin, pe
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems - CORRECT ANSWER -Use hyper-
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN and phys
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
b b b b b
What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER - Left
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ventricular hypertrophy
b b
What is Percarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
b b b b b b
Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial sac) around the heart b b b b b b b b
