Hist 140 Exam 2 Questions and Verified Answers
Guns and Butter Correct Answer: policy of guns (strong military) and butter (consumerism) to keep a
strong, happy nation, an example of a simple production-possibility frontier. It demonstrates the
relationship between a nation's investment in defense and civilian goods. USA policy, attempted in USSR
and failed
Joseph McCarthy Correct Answer: small town Wisconsin lawyer had served in the Pacific during WWII
and won a Senate seat as a republican in 1946. Jumped into the public spotlight in Feb 1950 with his
charges of communist subversion and Democratic Party betrayal. His main target was the State
Department "thoroughly infested with Communists" and he call for a clean sweep of communists and
queers. Became the epitome of hysterical fear of communist subversion and a disposition t root out
communists and communist sympathizers by means of inquisitorial congressional investigations and
public accusations and innuendoes. American anti-communist movement 'McCarthyism.' The
overeducated, effeminate, the gay community, and foreign born citizens must be monitored because they
might secretly be communists. People lost their jobs and reputations
Betty Friedan Correct Answer: apart of the US second wave of feminism, Context: women's steadily
growing participation in the economy laid the groundwork for the women's movement in the late 1960s.
The rise of consumer culture. Women's right to vote. Wrote the Feminine Mystic 1963, as a response to
graduates from Smith college who felt that even educated women were not have to ambitions beyond
domesticity and community service. The book made the case for American women participating more
fully and freely in the workforce and thereby gaining the means to realize their full individual. NOW,
National Organization for Women, 1966 in DC. An advocacy group for women, "true equality for all
women" and "full participation in the mainstream of American society"
Koumintang (KMT) Correct Answer: national party in china, formed by Chiang Kaishek civil war of
KMT vs communist party in china, UA and UN recognizes KMT as true China, KMT lose civil war and
moves to Tiawan and is given a seat at the UN
Mao Tse Tung Correct Answer: Led the communist party in China, becomes the leader of "big China,"
One Hundred Flowers Campaign Correct Answer: Mao's version of "openness," let 100s flowers bloom
and 100 schools of thought contend, revisionism, bring every positive factor into play, correctly handle
contradictions among the people, lasts only one year.
Great Leap Forward Correct Answer: 1958, theory of productive forces, how to transform a peasant
society into an industrial power, the theory is Marxist in thought that modernization is necessary for
communism. Depopulation of the countryside by collective agriculture, freed people up to go work in
the industrial world. China wasn't ready for forced industrialization, example- they took away forks and
plates from people to smelt them down to count as steel production, ~40 million people died of
starvation. Led to Mao's retreat
, Deng Xiaoping Correct Answer: apart of the Gang of Four that included Mao's wife, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou
Enlai, and he was the secretary to the secretary, and became a major economic player after Mao's retreat.
Socialism does not mean shared poverty. Starts the four modernizations.
Sino-Soviet Split Correct Answer: Khrushev is saying "peaceful coexistence" but is facing many conflicts
like the Cuban missile crisis and Berlin wall being built, Khrushev didn't think a nuclear war was
winnable, Mao creates their own nuclear weapons while Khrushev focuses on 'guns and butter,' China
and Russia have a history of not agreeing, Economic priorities are different, Nationalist border disputes,
Sino-Indian war USSR gave weapons to India
Revisionism Correct Answer: Hundred Flowers Campaign 1956, Revision is going to be the word of the
Sino-Soviet, Revisionism is going to be the word of the cultural revolution, Mao believes China is the
only true communist country,1961 as Mao is planning his retreat, the Revision Traitor of Soviet
leadership, an ideological war between the communist parties
Cultural Revolution Correct Answer: (China) attacks the state and especially the social structure (schools,
practices, town meetings) Communist party is mostly young people, Young vs. old, The old people
caused all this trouble (fought in WWI but caused WWII)
Ping-Pong Diplomacy Correct Answer: refers to the exchange of ping-pong players between the United
States and People's Republic of China (PRC) in the early 1970s. The event marked a thaw in Sino-
American relations that paved the way to a visit to Beijing by President Richard Nixon. Why had they
been invited? The Chinese felt that by opening a door to the United States, they could put their mostly
hostile neighbors on notice about a possible shift in alliances. The United States welcomed the
opportunity; President Richard M. Nixon had written: "We simply cannot afford to leave China outside
the family of nations." Soon after the U.S. team's trip, Nixon, not wanting to lose momentum, secretly
sent Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to Peking to arrange a Presidential visit to China. Nixon's journey
seven months later, in February 1972, would become one of the most important events in U.S. postwar
history. "Never before in history has a sport been used so effectively as a tool of international
diplomacy," said Chinese Premier Chou En-lai. For Nixon, it was "the week that changed the world."
Four Modernizations Correct Answer: 1963 in China, started by Deng Xiaoping, the four modernizations
were agriculture, industrial, technology, economy, Revision of the Great Leap Forward, Starts change
with local leaders, Foreign capitalist reactions, Economics trump politics, Western technology, Cheap
Chinese labor, Missing fifth modernization → political/democracy
Tiananmen Square Correct Answer: April-June 1979, as a result we see economic change and change in
the USSR, right at the same time Poland is about to have its first free election, The Tiananmen Square
protests of 1989, commonly known as the June Fourth Incident were student-led popular demonstrations
in Beijing posing deep splits within China's political leadership. The Chinese government condemned
the protests as a counter-revolutionary riot, and has largely prohibited discussion and remembrance of
the events.
The protests were triggered by the death of former Communist Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang, a
liberal reformer who was deposed after losing a power struggle with hardliners over the direction of
Guns and Butter Correct Answer: policy of guns (strong military) and butter (consumerism) to keep a
strong, happy nation, an example of a simple production-possibility frontier. It demonstrates the
relationship between a nation's investment in defense and civilian goods. USA policy, attempted in USSR
and failed
Joseph McCarthy Correct Answer: small town Wisconsin lawyer had served in the Pacific during WWII
and won a Senate seat as a republican in 1946. Jumped into the public spotlight in Feb 1950 with his
charges of communist subversion and Democratic Party betrayal. His main target was the State
Department "thoroughly infested with Communists" and he call for a clean sweep of communists and
queers. Became the epitome of hysterical fear of communist subversion and a disposition t root out
communists and communist sympathizers by means of inquisitorial congressional investigations and
public accusations and innuendoes. American anti-communist movement 'McCarthyism.' The
overeducated, effeminate, the gay community, and foreign born citizens must be monitored because they
might secretly be communists. People lost their jobs and reputations
Betty Friedan Correct Answer: apart of the US second wave of feminism, Context: women's steadily
growing participation in the economy laid the groundwork for the women's movement in the late 1960s.
The rise of consumer culture. Women's right to vote. Wrote the Feminine Mystic 1963, as a response to
graduates from Smith college who felt that even educated women were not have to ambitions beyond
domesticity and community service. The book made the case for American women participating more
fully and freely in the workforce and thereby gaining the means to realize their full individual. NOW,
National Organization for Women, 1966 in DC. An advocacy group for women, "true equality for all
women" and "full participation in the mainstream of American society"
Koumintang (KMT) Correct Answer: national party in china, formed by Chiang Kaishek civil war of
KMT vs communist party in china, UA and UN recognizes KMT as true China, KMT lose civil war and
moves to Tiawan and is given a seat at the UN
Mao Tse Tung Correct Answer: Led the communist party in China, becomes the leader of "big China,"
One Hundred Flowers Campaign Correct Answer: Mao's version of "openness," let 100s flowers bloom
and 100 schools of thought contend, revisionism, bring every positive factor into play, correctly handle
contradictions among the people, lasts only one year.
Great Leap Forward Correct Answer: 1958, theory of productive forces, how to transform a peasant
society into an industrial power, the theory is Marxist in thought that modernization is necessary for
communism. Depopulation of the countryside by collective agriculture, freed people up to go work in
the industrial world. China wasn't ready for forced industrialization, example- they took away forks and
plates from people to smelt them down to count as steel production, ~40 million people died of
starvation. Led to Mao's retreat
, Deng Xiaoping Correct Answer: apart of the Gang of Four that included Mao's wife, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou
Enlai, and he was the secretary to the secretary, and became a major economic player after Mao's retreat.
Socialism does not mean shared poverty. Starts the four modernizations.
Sino-Soviet Split Correct Answer: Khrushev is saying "peaceful coexistence" but is facing many conflicts
like the Cuban missile crisis and Berlin wall being built, Khrushev didn't think a nuclear war was
winnable, Mao creates their own nuclear weapons while Khrushev focuses on 'guns and butter,' China
and Russia have a history of not agreeing, Economic priorities are different, Nationalist border disputes,
Sino-Indian war USSR gave weapons to India
Revisionism Correct Answer: Hundred Flowers Campaign 1956, Revision is going to be the word of the
Sino-Soviet, Revisionism is going to be the word of the cultural revolution, Mao believes China is the
only true communist country,1961 as Mao is planning his retreat, the Revision Traitor of Soviet
leadership, an ideological war between the communist parties
Cultural Revolution Correct Answer: (China) attacks the state and especially the social structure (schools,
practices, town meetings) Communist party is mostly young people, Young vs. old, The old people
caused all this trouble (fought in WWI but caused WWII)
Ping-Pong Diplomacy Correct Answer: refers to the exchange of ping-pong players between the United
States and People's Republic of China (PRC) in the early 1970s. The event marked a thaw in Sino-
American relations that paved the way to a visit to Beijing by President Richard Nixon. Why had they
been invited? The Chinese felt that by opening a door to the United States, they could put their mostly
hostile neighbors on notice about a possible shift in alliances. The United States welcomed the
opportunity; President Richard M. Nixon had written: "We simply cannot afford to leave China outside
the family of nations." Soon after the U.S. team's trip, Nixon, not wanting to lose momentum, secretly
sent Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to Peking to arrange a Presidential visit to China. Nixon's journey
seven months later, in February 1972, would become one of the most important events in U.S. postwar
history. "Never before in history has a sport been used so effectively as a tool of international
diplomacy," said Chinese Premier Chou En-lai. For Nixon, it was "the week that changed the world."
Four Modernizations Correct Answer: 1963 in China, started by Deng Xiaoping, the four modernizations
were agriculture, industrial, technology, economy, Revision of the Great Leap Forward, Starts change
with local leaders, Foreign capitalist reactions, Economics trump politics, Western technology, Cheap
Chinese labor, Missing fifth modernization → political/democracy
Tiananmen Square Correct Answer: April-June 1979, as a result we see economic change and change in
the USSR, right at the same time Poland is about to have its first free election, The Tiananmen Square
protests of 1989, commonly known as the June Fourth Incident were student-led popular demonstrations
in Beijing posing deep splits within China's political leadership. The Chinese government condemned
the protests as a counter-revolutionary riot, and has largely prohibited discussion and remembrance of
the events.
The protests were triggered by the death of former Communist Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang, a
liberal reformer who was deposed after losing a power struggle with hardliners over the direction of
