HESI Fundamentals Practice Exam #1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
A 35y/o client with cancer refuses to allow a nurse to insert an
IV for scheduled chemo & states that she's ready to go home to
die. What intervention should the nurse initiate? Correct
Answers Evaluate the client's mental status for competence to
refuse treatment
Rationale: Competent clients have the right to refuse treatment.
The nurse cannot document until the HCP is notified of the
patient's wishes & a d/c RX is obtained. Advance directives &
DNR are not necessary for competent client to refuse care.
A 4y/o boy who is scheduled for a tonsillectomy &
adenoidectomy asks the nurse, "Will it hurt to have my tonsils &
adenoids taken out?" Which response is best for the nurse to
provide? Correct Answers "It may hurt, but we'll give you
medicine to help you feel better."
A 73y/o Hispanic client is seen with a history of protein
malnutrition. What information should the nurse obtain first?
Correct Answers Foods & liquids consumed during past 24 hrs
Rationale: Client's dietary habits should be determined first
through dietary recall before suggesting protein sources or
supplements as options in client's diet.
A 75y/o client who has a history of end stage renal failure &
advancing lung cancer, recently had a stroke. 2 days ago, the
HCP d/c the client's dialysis treatments, stating that death is
,inevitable, but the client is disoriented & will not sign a DNR
directive. What is the priority nursing intervention? Correct
Answers Determine who is legally empowered to make
decisions
A client arrives for scheduled needle aspiration. He tells the
nurse he has already given verbal consent to the HCP. What
action should the nurse implement? Correct Answers Witness
the client's signature on the consent form
A client is admitted to the hospital with intractable pain. What
instruction should the nurse provide the UAP who is assisting
with a bed bath? Correct Answers Take measures to promote as
much comfort as possible
A client is admitted with a stage 4 pressure ulcer that has a
black, hardened surface & a light pink wound bed with
malodorous green drainage. Which dressing is best for the nurse
to use first? Correct Answers Wet to moist
A client provides the nurse with information about the reason for
seeking care. Nurse realizes some info about past
hospitalizations is missing. How should the nurse obtain this
information? Correct Answers Elicit specific fats about past
hospitalizations with direct questions
A client who has been on bedrest for several days now has a
prescription to progress daily activity as tolerated. When nurse
assists client out of bed for the first time, the client becomes
dizzy. What action should the nurse implement? Correct
, Answers Advise the client to sit on the side of the bed for a few
minutes before standing again.
A client with chronic renal disease is admitted to the hospital for
evaluation prior to a surgical procedure. Which laboratory test
indicates client's protein status for the longest length of time?
Correct Answers Serum albumin
Rationale: Serum albumin has a long half-life.
A low-sodium, low-protein diet is prescribed for a 45y/o client
with renal insufficiency & HTN, who gained 3lbs in the last
month. The nurse determines that the client has been
noncompliant with the diet, based on which report from the 24hr
diet recall? Correct Answers 1. Snack of potato chips & diet
soda
2. Lunch of tuna, carrots, fruit & coffee
3. Breakfast of eggs, bacon, toast & coffee
4. Bedtime snack of crackers & milk
A nurse is becoming increasingly frustrated by the family
members' efforts to participate in the care of a hospitalized
client. What action should the nurse implement to cope with
these feelings of frustration? Correct Answers Examine one's
own culturally based values, beliefs, attitudes & practices.
Rationale: Cultural sensitivity begins with examining one's own
cultural values.
Complete Solutions
A 35y/o client with cancer refuses to allow a nurse to insert an
IV for scheduled chemo & states that she's ready to go home to
die. What intervention should the nurse initiate? Correct
Answers Evaluate the client's mental status for competence to
refuse treatment
Rationale: Competent clients have the right to refuse treatment.
The nurse cannot document until the HCP is notified of the
patient's wishes & a d/c RX is obtained. Advance directives &
DNR are not necessary for competent client to refuse care.
A 4y/o boy who is scheduled for a tonsillectomy &
adenoidectomy asks the nurse, "Will it hurt to have my tonsils &
adenoids taken out?" Which response is best for the nurse to
provide? Correct Answers "It may hurt, but we'll give you
medicine to help you feel better."
A 73y/o Hispanic client is seen with a history of protein
malnutrition. What information should the nurse obtain first?
Correct Answers Foods & liquids consumed during past 24 hrs
Rationale: Client's dietary habits should be determined first
through dietary recall before suggesting protein sources or
supplements as options in client's diet.
A 75y/o client who has a history of end stage renal failure &
advancing lung cancer, recently had a stroke. 2 days ago, the
HCP d/c the client's dialysis treatments, stating that death is
,inevitable, but the client is disoriented & will not sign a DNR
directive. What is the priority nursing intervention? Correct
Answers Determine who is legally empowered to make
decisions
A client arrives for scheduled needle aspiration. He tells the
nurse he has already given verbal consent to the HCP. What
action should the nurse implement? Correct Answers Witness
the client's signature on the consent form
A client is admitted to the hospital with intractable pain. What
instruction should the nurse provide the UAP who is assisting
with a bed bath? Correct Answers Take measures to promote as
much comfort as possible
A client is admitted with a stage 4 pressure ulcer that has a
black, hardened surface & a light pink wound bed with
malodorous green drainage. Which dressing is best for the nurse
to use first? Correct Answers Wet to moist
A client provides the nurse with information about the reason for
seeking care. Nurse realizes some info about past
hospitalizations is missing. How should the nurse obtain this
information? Correct Answers Elicit specific fats about past
hospitalizations with direct questions
A client who has been on bedrest for several days now has a
prescription to progress daily activity as tolerated. When nurse
assists client out of bed for the first time, the client becomes
dizzy. What action should the nurse implement? Correct
, Answers Advise the client to sit on the side of the bed for a few
minutes before standing again.
A client with chronic renal disease is admitted to the hospital for
evaluation prior to a surgical procedure. Which laboratory test
indicates client's protein status for the longest length of time?
Correct Answers Serum albumin
Rationale: Serum albumin has a long half-life.
A low-sodium, low-protein diet is prescribed for a 45y/o client
with renal insufficiency & HTN, who gained 3lbs in the last
month. The nurse determines that the client has been
noncompliant with the diet, based on which report from the 24hr
diet recall? Correct Answers 1. Snack of potato chips & diet
soda
2. Lunch of tuna, carrots, fruit & coffee
3. Breakfast of eggs, bacon, toast & coffee
4. Bedtime snack of crackers & milk
A nurse is becoming increasingly frustrated by the family
members' efforts to participate in the care of a hospitalized
client. What action should the nurse implement to cope with
these feelings of frustration? Correct Answers Examine one's
own culturally based values, beliefs, attitudes & practices.
Rationale: Cultural sensitivity begins with examining one's own
cultural values.
