NU 545- UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- General - CORRECT ANSWER -Cerebrum-
largest portion
-Includes the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) made of the cerebral cortex and basal
ganglia
-Divided into 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital,
and temporal
-Lobes are divided by fissures (Sulci —>gyri:
greatly increase surface area —> fissures)
-Includes the diencephalon (central structures) aka interbrain
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Hemispheres - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hemispheres (Telencephalon)
· Separated by the longitudinal fissures
· Every person has 1 dominant hemisphere
· Connected by Corpus Callosum (aka: transverse commissural fissure)
Cerebral Cortex
o Outer layer = gray matter (somas of neurons)
o Inner layer = white matter (axons of neurons)
o Primary cortex: basic motor and sensory fxn
o Association cortex: integrating different types of info to do more complex fxns (cognition,
emotion, and consciousness)
Left Hemisphere
,-usually controls language
-attention on the right side of the body
-controls voluntary movement on the right
Right Hemisphere
-usually manages attention on both left and right side of body
-controls voluntary movement on the left
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Lobes - CORRECT ANSWER -Frontal
(voluntary mvmt, thoughts, problem solving, planning)
-Prefrontal area: goal-orientated behavior/concentration, short-term memory, thought and
inhibition on the limibic (emotional) areas
-Premotor area (Brodmann area 6): programs motor movements and contains cell bodies that
from part of the basal ganglia
-Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4- AKA homunculus)-along the precentral gyrus: center for
voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement. Corticospinal tracts descend the spinal cord
-Broca speech area (Brodmann areas 44, 45): motor aspect of speech; speech and language
processing; usually on left hemisphere
Parietal- along the postcentral gyrus: center for sensory perception; somatic sensory input
(temperature, pain, taste, touch, #s, attentiveness to body as it relates to space)
Occipital- visual cortex (Brodmann area 17)
Temporal (sound and memories)
-auditory cortex (brodmann area 41)
-Wernicke area (Brodmann area 22)- along with adjacent areas of parietal lobe: reception and
interpretation of speech; dysfunction may result in dysphagia or aphasia
,-Long-term memory
-Contains the hippocampus which helps process memory and emotions and is interconnected
with central structures (thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland)
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Limbic System - CORRECT ANSWER -A group
of interconnected structures located between telencephalon and diencephalon surrounding the
corpus callosum
Amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, hypothalamus, and related autonomic nuclei
Mediates emotion and long-term memory through connection in the prefrontal cortex
Involved in primitive behavioral responses, visceral reaction to emotion, motivation, mood,
feeding behaviors, biologic rhythms, and sense of smell
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER -
(Interbrain- central structures)
· These structures sit just above the brainstem
· Overall fxn: relay sensory info, control autonomic functions and link to the limbic system for
memory and emotion
· Epithalamus
· Thalamus (largest): ingrates and relays sensory (afferent) info to cortex of parietal, temporal,
and occipital lobes
· Hypothalamus: (ANS fxn= automatic) regulates body temp and endocrine fxn (appetite, thirst)
and adjust emotional expression; secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of
hormones from the pituitary gland; the pituitary gland is at the base of the brain and produces
hormones that control endocrine glands to influence growth, metabolism, sexual behavior,
stress response, and fluid balance
· Subthalamus: an important basal ganglia center for motor activities
, Anatomy of the brain: Midbrain (Mesencephalon) - CORRECT ANSWER --At the top of the
brainstem, below the hypothalamus
-Connects the forebrain and hindbrain
-Primary relay center for some motor and sensory tracts, as well as auditory and visual reflexes
-Composed of
-Tectum: superior (vision) and inferior (auditory)
colliculi
-Tegmentum: made of red nucleus (motor
output) and substantia nigra (synthesizes
dopamine)
-Cerebral Peduncles: made up of different
efferent tracks
Anatomy of the brain:Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) - CORRECT ANSWER --Includes the
metencephalon (cerebellum & pons)
-Includes the myelencephalon (medulla)
-Cerebellum
o Two lobes of gray and white matter
o Responsible for reflexive, involuntary fine-tuning of motor control
o Responsible for maintaining balance and posture through extensive neural connections with
the medulla and midbrain
o Ipsilateral control (same side)
-Pons
o Transmits info from the cerebellum to the brainstem
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- General - CORRECT ANSWER -Cerebrum-
largest portion
-Includes the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) made of the cerebral cortex and basal
ganglia
-Divided into 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital,
and temporal
-Lobes are divided by fissures (Sulci —>gyri:
greatly increase surface area —> fissures)
-Includes the diencephalon (central structures) aka interbrain
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Hemispheres - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hemispheres (Telencephalon)
· Separated by the longitudinal fissures
· Every person has 1 dominant hemisphere
· Connected by Corpus Callosum (aka: transverse commissural fissure)
Cerebral Cortex
o Outer layer = gray matter (somas of neurons)
o Inner layer = white matter (axons of neurons)
o Primary cortex: basic motor and sensory fxn
o Association cortex: integrating different types of info to do more complex fxns (cognition,
emotion, and consciousness)
Left Hemisphere
,-usually controls language
-attention on the right side of the body
-controls voluntary movement on the right
Right Hemisphere
-usually manages attention on both left and right side of body
-controls voluntary movement on the left
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Lobes - CORRECT ANSWER -Frontal
(voluntary mvmt, thoughts, problem solving, planning)
-Prefrontal area: goal-orientated behavior/concentration, short-term memory, thought and
inhibition on the limibic (emotional) areas
-Premotor area (Brodmann area 6): programs motor movements and contains cell bodies that
from part of the basal ganglia
-Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4- AKA homunculus)-along the precentral gyrus: center for
voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement. Corticospinal tracts descend the spinal cord
-Broca speech area (Brodmann areas 44, 45): motor aspect of speech; speech and language
processing; usually on left hemisphere
Parietal- along the postcentral gyrus: center for sensory perception; somatic sensory input
(temperature, pain, taste, touch, #s, attentiveness to body as it relates to space)
Occipital- visual cortex (Brodmann area 17)
Temporal (sound and memories)
-auditory cortex (brodmann area 41)
-Wernicke area (Brodmann area 22)- along with adjacent areas of parietal lobe: reception and
interpretation of speech; dysfunction may result in dysphagia or aphasia
,-Long-term memory
-Contains the hippocampus which helps process memory and emotions and is interconnected
with central structures (thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland)
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Limbic System - CORRECT ANSWER -A group
of interconnected structures located between telencephalon and diencephalon surrounding the
corpus callosum
Amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, hypothalamus, and related autonomic nuclei
Mediates emotion and long-term memory through connection in the prefrontal cortex
Involved in primitive behavioral responses, visceral reaction to emotion, motivation, mood,
feeding behaviors, biologic rhythms, and sense of smell
Anatomy of the brain: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)- Diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER -
(Interbrain- central structures)
· These structures sit just above the brainstem
· Overall fxn: relay sensory info, control autonomic functions and link to the limbic system for
memory and emotion
· Epithalamus
· Thalamus (largest): ingrates and relays sensory (afferent) info to cortex of parietal, temporal,
and occipital lobes
· Hypothalamus: (ANS fxn= automatic) regulates body temp and endocrine fxn (appetite, thirst)
and adjust emotional expression; secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of
hormones from the pituitary gland; the pituitary gland is at the base of the brain and produces
hormones that control endocrine glands to influence growth, metabolism, sexual behavior,
stress response, and fluid balance
· Subthalamus: an important basal ganglia center for motor activities
, Anatomy of the brain: Midbrain (Mesencephalon) - CORRECT ANSWER --At the top of the
brainstem, below the hypothalamus
-Connects the forebrain and hindbrain
-Primary relay center for some motor and sensory tracts, as well as auditory and visual reflexes
-Composed of
-Tectum: superior (vision) and inferior (auditory)
colliculi
-Tegmentum: made of red nucleus (motor
output) and substantia nigra (synthesizes
dopamine)
-Cerebral Peduncles: made up of different
efferent tracks
Anatomy of the brain:Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) - CORRECT ANSWER --Includes the
metencephalon (cerebellum & pons)
-Includes the myelencephalon (medulla)
-Cerebellum
o Two lobes of gray and white matter
o Responsible for reflexive, involuntary fine-tuning of motor control
o Responsible for maintaining balance and posture through extensive neural connections with
the medulla and midbrain
o Ipsilateral control (same side)
-Pons
o Transmits info from the cerebellum to the brainstem
