PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM #1 (Practice
ATI Questions and Answers)
1. Parents of a 4-year-old child discovered the child has been
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have tested
positive for lead. Which blood test should the care team prioritize?
ANS Red blood cell (RBC) levels
2. The nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a homeless
man during a night when the wind chill factor is -10°F (-23°C).
When assessing the man's
fingers and toes for frostbite, the nurse looks for which type of cellular
injury?-
ANS Hypoxic
3. A nurse is teaching a class on health promotion and includes
information about the risk from ultraviolet radiation. Which concepts
should be included in this class?
ANS Ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and damages DNA.
4. The provider removes a cast from a teenager's arm. The client
asks why the muscle in the arm is smaller than it was. The
,provider explains that this reduction is caused by which of the
following?
ANS Disuse
5. The nurse explains to the hypertensive client that the
increased workload required to pump blood against an elevated
arterial pressure results in a progressive increase in left
ventricular muscle mass. This is an example of
ANS
hypertrophy
6. A mother rushes her 4-year-old child to the emergency department
after she found an empty Tylenol (acetaminophen) bottle beside
her child. The nurse
is trying to explain why it is so important to give the child ipecac to
induce vomiting in order to prevent
ANS
liver failure
7. Mercury is a toxic substance, and the hazards of mercury-associated
occupa- tional and accidental exposures are well known. What is the
primary source of mercury poisoning today?
ANS Fish such as tuna and swordfish
8. Hypertrophy may occur as the result of normal physiologic or
,abnormal pathologic conditions. The increase in muscle mass
associated with exercise is an example of physiologic hypertrophy.
Pathologic hypertrophy occurs as the result of disease conditions
and may be adaptive or compensatory. Exam- ples of adaptive
hypertrophy are the thickening of the urinary bladder from long-
continued obstruction of urinary outflow and the myocardial
hypertrophy that results from valvular heart disease or
hypertension. What is compensatory hypertrophy?
ANS When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
9. The nurse is treating a client who has been immobilized for
several months. As a result, he is experiencing bone thinning and
weakening. The nurse is aware of the risk of lung, blood vessel,
and renal tubule calcification due
to
ANS
metastatic calcification
10. A 70-year-old client is being treated for a recent ischemic stroke
that has left the client with deficits. These deficits likely result from
which mechanism of cell injury?
ANS hypoxia and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion
11. A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral
, head fracture.
Which phenomena most likely accounts for the client's decrease in
muscle function?
ANS Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
12. A client has developed cell atrophy. The most likely cause
would be
ANS
ischemia.
13. A client is admitted with an alteration in arterial blood gases.
Cellular injury is most likely to result from which aspect of this
abnormality?
ANS Hypoxia
14. Which statement would a nurse tell a client that best
describes a lab finding of metaplasia?
ANS "This is a change in cell form as it adapts to increased work demands or threats to
survival."
15. A client is admitted with frostbite. What will the nurse tell the
client about the changes that have occurred due to cold exposure?
ANS Cold increases blood viscosity and thrombosis
16. Which situations causes atrophy?
ATI Questions and Answers)
1. Parents of a 4-year-old child discovered the child has been
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have tested
positive for lead. Which blood test should the care team prioritize?
ANS Red blood cell (RBC) levels
2. The nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a homeless
man during a night when the wind chill factor is -10°F (-23°C).
When assessing the man's
fingers and toes for frostbite, the nurse looks for which type of cellular
injury?-
ANS Hypoxic
3. A nurse is teaching a class on health promotion and includes
information about the risk from ultraviolet radiation. Which concepts
should be included in this class?
ANS Ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and damages DNA.
4. The provider removes a cast from a teenager's arm. The client
asks why the muscle in the arm is smaller than it was. The
,provider explains that this reduction is caused by which of the
following?
ANS Disuse
5. The nurse explains to the hypertensive client that the
increased workload required to pump blood against an elevated
arterial pressure results in a progressive increase in left
ventricular muscle mass. This is an example of
ANS
hypertrophy
6. A mother rushes her 4-year-old child to the emergency department
after she found an empty Tylenol (acetaminophen) bottle beside
her child. The nurse
is trying to explain why it is so important to give the child ipecac to
induce vomiting in order to prevent
ANS
liver failure
7. Mercury is a toxic substance, and the hazards of mercury-associated
occupa- tional and accidental exposures are well known. What is the
primary source of mercury poisoning today?
ANS Fish such as tuna and swordfish
8. Hypertrophy may occur as the result of normal physiologic or
,abnormal pathologic conditions. The increase in muscle mass
associated with exercise is an example of physiologic hypertrophy.
Pathologic hypertrophy occurs as the result of disease conditions
and may be adaptive or compensatory. Exam- ples of adaptive
hypertrophy are the thickening of the urinary bladder from long-
continued obstruction of urinary outflow and the myocardial
hypertrophy that results from valvular heart disease or
hypertension. What is compensatory hypertrophy?
ANS When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
9. The nurse is treating a client who has been immobilized for
several months. As a result, he is experiencing bone thinning and
weakening. The nurse is aware of the risk of lung, blood vessel,
and renal tubule calcification due
to
ANS
metastatic calcification
10. A 70-year-old client is being treated for a recent ischemic stroke
that has left the client with deficits. These deficits likely result from
which mechanism of cell injury?
ANS hypoxia and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion
11. A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral
, head fracture.
Which phenomena most likely accounts for the client's decrease in
muscle function?
ANS Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
12. A client has developed cell atrophy. The most likely cause
would be
ANS
ischemia.
13. A client is admitted with an alteration in arterial blood gases.
Cellular injury is most likely to result from which aspect of this
abnormality?
ANS Hypoxia
14. Which statement would a nurse tell a client that best
describes a lab finding of metaplasia?
ANS "This is a change in cell form as it adapts to increased work demands or threats to
survival."
15. A client is admitted with frostbite. What will the nurse tell the
client about the changes that have occurred due to cold exposure?
ANS Cold increases blood viscosity and thrombosis
16. Which situations causes atrophy?
