Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind 7th Edition - Daniel Reisberg

, CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
B B B B B B



LEARNINGBOBJECTIVES

1.1. DescribeBtheBscopeBandBgoalsBofBcognitiveBpsychology.


1.2. UnderstandBtheBcaseBofBH.M.,BandBtheBmanyBwaysBthatBmemoryBinfluencesBourBlives.


1.3. DescribeBtheBlimitationsBofBintrospectionBasBaBmethodBforBscientificBinquiry.


1.4. CompareBandBcontrastBclassicalB(Watsonian)BbehaviorismBandBcognitiveBpsychology.


1.5. Kant’sB“transcendentalBmethod”BisBsometimesB calledB“inferenceBtoBbestB explanation.”BExplainBthisBmethodBandBhowBitworks.


1.6. DescribeBtheBrole,BinBtheBemergenceBofBcognitiveBpsychology,BthatBwasBplayedBbyBcomputerBscienceBandBtheBdevelop-
mentBofB“computerBintelligence.”




MULTIPLEBCHOICE

1. WhichBofBtheBfollowingBtopicsBisBNOTBcommonlyBstudiedBwithinB cognitiveBpsychology?
a. angerBmanagement c. memory
b. decisionBmaking d. Attention



ANS:B A DIF: Easy REF:
TheBScopeBofBCognitiveBPsychologyBOBJ: 1.1 MSC:BUnderstanding

2. CognitiveBprocessesBareBNOTBnecessaryBforB whichB dailyBactivity?
a. readingBaBnewspaper c. talkingBonBtheBphone
b. studyingBforBaBtest d. breathing



ANS:B D DIF: Easy REF: TheBScopeBofBCognitiveBPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying

3. AlyssaBwantsBtoBbeBaBpsychologistBbutBisBunsureBwhichBtopicBwithinBpsychologyBmostBinterestsBher.BWhichBof
theBfollowingBtopicsBwouldBbeBLEASTBlikelyBtoBleadBherBintoBcognitiveBpsychology?
B


a. amnesia c. LymeBdisease
b. languageB acquisition d. problem-solvingBstrategies

,ANS:B C DIF: Easy REF:
TheBScopeBofBCognitiveBPsychologyBOBJ: 1.1 MSC:BApplying

4. ConsiderBtheBsequenceB“BetsyBwantedBtoBbringBJacobBaBpresent.BSheBshookBherBpiggyBbank.”BMostBpeople,Bafte
rBhearingBthisBsequence,BbelieveBBetsyBwasBcheckingBherBpiggyBbankBtoBseeBifBsheBhadBmoneyBtoBspendBonBtheBgift.BThisBinference
BaboutBBetsy’sBgoalsBdependsBonBtheBfactBthat


a. ourBpreviousBknowledgeBfillsBinBbackgroundBinformationBwheneverBwe’reBunderstandingBanBeve
ntBorBconversation.
b. readersBareBlikelyBtoBknowBsomeoneBnamedBJacob.
c. English,BunlikeBotherBlanguages,BrequiresBspeakersBtoBmentionBallBofBtheBpeopleBinvolvedBinB
anBevent.

d. theBindividualBsentencesBareBshort.


ANS:B A DIF: Easy REF:
TheBBroadBRoleBforBMemoryBOBJ: 1.1 MSC:BUnderstanding

5. WhichBofBtheBfollowingBstatementsBisBLEASTBlikelyBtoBapplyBtoBpatientBH.M.?
a. “HeBcannotBrememberBwhatBheBdidBearlierBtoday,BincludingBeventsBthatBtookBplaceBjustBanBhourBago.”
b. “HeBreadBthisBstoryBlastBmonth,BbutBheBwasBstillBsurprisedBbyBhowBtheBstoryBturnedBout.”
c. “EvenBthoughBheBhasBencounteredBtheBnurseBmanyBtimes,BheBisBstillBunableBtoBrecognizeBher.”

d. “HeBrememberedBthatBitBwasBonlyBaBweekBagoBthatBhe’dBheardBtheBsadBnewsBthatBhisBuncleBhadBdied.”


ANS:B D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiaBandBMemoryBLossBOBJ: 1.2 MSC:BApplying

6. ResearchBwithBH.M.BprovidesBanBillustrationB forBwhichBmajorBthemeBofBtheBchapter?
a. IntrospectionBisBanBimportantBresearchBtoolBforBcognitiveBpsychologists.
b. CognitiveBpsychologyBcanBhelpBusBunderstandBaBwideBrangeBofBactivitiesBthatBdependBonBsomeon
e’sBabilityBtoBremember.
c. MemoryBisBnotBveryBimportant.
d. TheBdisruptionBcausedBbyBbrainBdamageBdependsBonBhowBwidespreadBtheBdamageBis,BandBnotBonB
theBspecificBsitesBthatBareBdamaged.


ANS:B B B DIF: Moderate REF: TheBScopeBofBCognitiveBPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating

7. PatientsBsufferingBfromBclinicalBamnesiaBareBcharacterizedBby
a. memoryBdysfunction. c. inarticulateBspeech.
b. anBinabilityBtoBrecognizeBpatterns. d. impairedBlanguageBcomprehension.



ANS:B A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiaBandBMemoryBLossBOBJ: 1.2 MSC:BRemembering

8. TheBtermB“introspection”BrefersBtoBthe
a. processBbyBwhichBoneBindividualBseeksBtoBinferBtheBthoughtsBofBanotherBindividual.

b. procedureBofBexaminingBthoughtBprocessingBbyBmonitoringBtheBbrain’sBelectricalBactivity.

, c. processBofBeachBpersonBlookingBwithin,BtoBobserveBhisBorBherBownBthoughtsBandBideas.

d. techniqueBofBstudyingBthoughtBbyBinterpretingBtheBsymbolsBusedBinBcommunication.


ANS:B C DIF: Easy REF:
TheBLimitsBofBIntrospectionBOBJ: 1.3 MSC:BRemembering

9. ABparticipantBisBaskedBtoBlookBwithinBhimselfBorBherselfBandBreportBonBhisBorBherBownBmentalBprocesses.BThisBmethod
isBcalled
a. logicalBinference. c. introspection.B
b. reconstruction. d.



ANS:B C DIF: Easy REF:
TheBLimitsBofBIntrospectionBOBJ: 1.3 MSC:BRemembering

10. OfBtheBfollowing,BintrospectionBisBLEASTBusefulBforBstudying
a. topicsBthatBareBstronglyBcoloredBbyBemotion.
b. mentalBeventsBthatBareBunconscious.
c. processesBthatBinvolveBconceptualBknowledge.

d. eventsBthatBtakeBaBlongBtimeBtoBunfold.


ANS:B B DIF: Moderate REF:
TheBLimitsBofBIntrospectionBOBJ: 1.3 MSC:BUnderstanding

11. WhichBofBtheBfollowingBstatementsBaboutBintrospectionB isBFALSE?
a. ItBisBtheBonlyBwayBtoBobserveBconsciousBeventsBdirectly.
b. ItBisBsubjective.
c. ItBprovidesBstrongBevidenceBforBhypothesis-testing.

d. ItBwasBaBtechniqueBusedBhistoricallyBtoBstudyBcognition.


ANS:B C DIF: Moderate REF:
TheBLimitsBofBIntrospectionBOBJ: 1.3 MSC:BUnderstanding

12. GenieBwondersBwhyBsheBcanBneverBrememberBtheBnamesBofBnewBacquaintances.BInBsearchBofBanBanswer,BsheBexami
nesBandBreflectsBonBherBfeelingsBaboutBmeetingBnewBpeople.BGenieBisBengagedBinBwhichBprocess?
a. practicalBrehearsal c. learningBhistoryBanalysis
b. introspection d. goalBretrieval



ANS:B B DIF: Moderate REF:
TheBLimitsBofBIntrospectionBOBJ: 1.3 MSC:BApplying

13. IntrospectionBwasBemployedBasBaBresearchBtoolBinBtheBlateB1800sBbecause
a. itBwasBregardedBasBtheBonlyBwayBtoBobserveBtheBmind’sBcontentsBdirectly.
b. itBprovidedB dataBfromBindividualsBwithoutBanyBspecializedBtraining.

c. consciousBeventsBareBjustBasBimportantBasBunconsciousBevents.