WGU Patho D236 Test Questions and Answers Graded A
Turner syndrome - -A chromosomal heart is forced to pump blood with increased
disorder in females in which either an *X force to move blood through the narrowed or stiff
chromosome* is missing, making the person XO (stenotic) valve(s).
instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is
deleted.
Cardiac Valve Complications - -Heart valve
disease can cause many complications,
Tay-Sachs Disease - -A human genetic including:
disease caused by a recessive allele for a * Heart failure.
dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation * Stroke.
of certain lipids in the brain. * Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor * Death.
and mental performance usually become
manifest a few months after birth, followed by
death within a few years. Respiratory Illness from bats - -*Viral
hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by contact with
infected animals or insects. The viruses that
Down syndrome - -A condition of mild to cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of
severe intellectual disability and associated animal and insect hosts.
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of
chromosome 21 Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes,
ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic
fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Diabetes Insipidus - -Antidiuretic hormone
is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is
resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often Anemia - -Different types of anemia
elevated* due to excess free water losses. include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
are normal, but your kidneys can't properly Anemia due to iron deficiency
concentrate urine. Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - -In heart Megaloblastic anemia
valve disease, one or more of the valves in your Pernicious anemia
heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or Sickle cell anemia
leakage of the valve). When the valve(s) do not Thalassemia
close completely, it causes blood to flow
backward through the valve. This reduces
forward blood flow and can lead to volume Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney
overload in the heart. compensation - -The kidneys have two
main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine
valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it limits the back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+
flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The ions into the urine.
, WGU Patho D236 Test Questions and Answers Graded A
connect muscles to bones) get stretched or
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and pulled away from the bone.
secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Endometriosis - -# *Painful periods
Pyelonephritis - -Inflammation of the renal (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and cramping may
pelvis and the kidney begin before and extend several days into a
menstrual period.
Prostate cancer - -Cancer of the prostate #Lower back and abdominal pain.
gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and
older. #Pain with intercourse. Pain during or after sex is
common with endometriosis.
Artery response during blood loss. #Pain with bowel movements or urination. You're
most likely to experience these symptoms during
Does cell shrink or swell ? - - a menstrual period.
*Vasoconstriction*
#Excessive bleeding. You may experience
occasional heavy menstrual periods or bleeding
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
-This condition is inherited in an autosomal
#Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first
dominant pattern , which means one copy of the
diagnosed in those seeking treatment for
altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the
infertility.
disorder.
#Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases
nausea, especially during menstrual periods.
result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Ulcerative colitis - -Ulcerative colitis is an
Spina Bifida - -Not having enough *folic
*autoimmune disease of the large intestine*,
acid* during pregnancy is one of the most
specifically the *colon and rectum*.
important factors that can increase the chances
of having a child with spina bifida.
It affects the mucosal layer of the large intestine.
Bursitis - -Inflammation of a bursa sac. #Aortic stenosis/regurgitation
Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that
act as cushions at the joints.
#Mitral stenosis/regurgitation - -*Mitral
valve stenosis* occurs when the mitral valve in
the heart narrows, restricting blood flow into the
Sprains and Strains - -A sprain occurs main pumping chamber. The mitral valve may
when you overextend or tear a ligament while also leak, causing *blood to flow back through the
severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when valve each time the left ventricle contracts*. This
tendons (bands at the end of muscles that condition is called mitral valve regurgitation.
Turner syndrome - -A chromosomal heart is forced to pump blood with increased
disorder in females in which either an *X force to move blood through the narrowed or stiff
chromosome* is missing, making the person XO (stenotic) valve(s).
instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is
deleted.
Cardiac Valve Complications - -Heart valve
disease can cause many complications,
Tay-Sachs Disease - -A human genetic including:
disease caused by a recessive allele for a * Heart failure.
dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation * Stroke.
of certain lipids in the brain. * Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor * Death.
and mental performance usually become
manifest a few months after birth, followed by
death within a few years. Respiratory Illness from bats - -*Viral
hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by contact with
infected animals or insects. The viruses that
Down syndrome - -A condition of mild to cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of
severe intellectual disability and associated animal and insect hosts.
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of
chromosome 21 Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes,
ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic
fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Diabetes Insipidus - -Antidiuretic hormone
is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is
resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often Anemia - -Different types of anemia
elevated* due to excess free water losses. include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
are normal, but your kidneys can't properly Anemia due to iron deficiency
concentrate urine. Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - -In heart Megaloblastic anemia
valve disease, one or more of the valves in your Pernicious anemia
heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or Sickle cell anemia
leakage of the valve). When the valve(s) do not Thalassemia
close completely, it causes blood to flow
backward through the valve. This reduces
forward blood flow and can lead to volume Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney
overload in the heart. compensation - -The kidneys have two
main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine
valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it limits the back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+
flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The ions into the urine.
, WGU Patho D236 Test Questions and Answers Graded A
connect muscles to bones) get stretched or
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and pulled away from the bone.
secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Endometriosis - -# *Painful periods
Pyelonephritis - -Inflammation of the renal (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and cramping may
pelvis and the kidney begin before and extend several days into a
menstrual period.
Prostate cancer - -Cancer of the prostate #Lower back and abdominal pain.
gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and
older. #Pain with intercourse. Pain during or after sex is
common with endometriosis.
Artery response during blood loss. #Pain with bowel movements or urination. You're
most likely to experience these symptoms during
Does cell shrink or swell ? - - a menstrual period.
*Vasoconstriction*
#Excessive bleeding. You may experience
occasional heavy menstrual periods or bleeding
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
-This condition is inherited in an autosomal
#Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first
dominant pattern , which means one copy of the
diagnosed in those seeking treatment for
altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the
infertility.
disorder.
#Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases
nausea, especially during menstrual periods.
result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Ulcerative colitis - -Ulcerative colitis is an
Spina Bifida - -Not having enough *folic
*autoimmune disease of the large intestine*,
acid* during pregnancy is one of the most
specifically the *colon and rectum*.
important factors that can increase the chances
of having a child with spina bifida.
It affects the mucosal layer of the large intestine.
Bursitis - -Inflammation of a bursa sac. #Aortic stenosis/regurgitation
Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that
act as cushions at the joints.
#Mitral stenosis/regurgitation - -*Mitral
valve stenosis* occurs when the mitral valve in
the heart narrows, restricting blood flow into the
Sprains and Strains - -A sprain occurs main pumping chamber. The mitral valve may
when you overextend or tear a ligament while also leak, causing *blood to flow back through the
severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when valve each time the left ventricle contracts*. This
tendons (bands at the end of muscles that condition is called mitral valve regurgitation.
