PSYCH 401 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
social influence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the effect of situational factors and other people on an
individuals behavior.
bystander effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a phenomenon in which the greater the number of people
present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress
pluralistic ignorance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅failing to take action because of the lack of response of
others
diffusion of responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a phenomenon in which the presence of other people
makes it less likely that any individual will help someone in distress because the obligation to intervene
is shared among all the onlookers
audience inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅failure to help because of a fear of being judged
public conformity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Outwardly changing behaviors to align with group, but
maintaining inner core beliefs.
informative social influence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅behavior that is motivated by the desire to be
correct
obedience - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct
commands, usually from someone in a position of authority
stanley milgram - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conducted "shocking" experiments on obedience
phillip zimbardo - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior
with his famous Stanford Prison experiment.
, stanford prison experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Philip Zimbardo's study of the effect of roles on
behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison. The
study was ended early because of the "guards'" role-induced cruelty.
person perception - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The mental processes we use to form judgments and draw
conclusions about the characteristics and motives of other people.
fundamental attribution error - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅attributing others behavior for internal reasons
instead of assuming the external reasons
actor observer effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅We tend to make situational attributions for our own
behavior and dispositional attributions about the behavior of others.
cognitive dissonance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅psychological tension that occurs when two perceptions
are inconsistent
prejudice - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an
ethnic or racial minority.
stereotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a
specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the
group
discrimination - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
outgroup homogeneity effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Perception of outgroup members as more similar
to one another than are ingroup members. Thus "they are alike; we are diverse."
subtyping - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by
thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule"; doesn't change perspective.
social influence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the effect of situational factors and other people on an
individuals behavior.
bystander effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a phenomenon in which the greater the number of people
present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress
pluralistic ignorance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅failing to take action because of the lack of response of
others
diffusion of responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a phenomenon in which the presence of other people
makes it less likely that any individual will help someone in distress because the obligation to intervene
is shared among all the onlookers
audience inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅failure to help because of a fear of being judged
public conformity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Outwardly changing behaviors to align with group, but
maintaining inner core beliefs.
informative social influence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅behavior that is motivated by the desire to be
correct
obedience - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct
commands, usually from someone in a position of authority
stanley milgram - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conducted "shocking" experiments on obedience
phillip zimbardo - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior
with his famous Stanford Prison experiment.
, stanford prison experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Philip Zimbardo's study of the effect of roles on
behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison. The
study was ended early because of the "guards'" role-induced cruelty.
person perception - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The mental processes we use to form judgments and draw
conclusions about the characteristics and motives of other people.
fundamental attribution error - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅attributing others behavior for internal reasons
instead of assuming the external reasons
actor observer effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅We tend to make situational attributions for our own
behavior and dispositional attributions about the behavior of others.
cognitive dissonance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅psychological tension that occurs when two perceptions
are inconsistent
prejudice - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an
ethnic or racial minority.
stereotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a
specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the
group
discrimination - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
outgroup homogeneity effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Perception of outgroup members as more similar
to one another than are ingroup members. Thus "they are alike; we are diverse."
subtyping - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by
thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule"; doesn't change perspective.
