NSG 511 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026-2027.
pathways to airflow limitation in asthma - ANSWER-*airflow limitation in
asthma is caused by bronchospasm and/or inflammation*
- allergen > mast cell reaction > inflammatory mediators > bronchospasm
- allergen > mast cell reaction> infiltration of inflammatory mediators and
inflammatory cells > inflammation
- bronchial hyperreactivity > triggers > bronchospasm
bronchitis (COPD) pathway to airflow limitation - ANSWER-- continuous
irritation from smoke/pollution > inflammation > bronchial edema/hyper
secretion of mucus > airway obstruction
,emphysema (COPD) pathway to airflow limitation - ANSWER-- continuous
irritation from smoke/pollution > inflammation > increased protease activity
> destruction of alveolar walls > airway obstruction
considerations for metered dose inhalers (MDIs) - ANSWER-- most commonly
prescribed
- must coordinate between activation and inhalation
- notorious for incorrect use: patient education necessary
- more drug reaches lungs with use of spacer (21% vs 9%)
considerations for dry powder inhaler (DPIs) - ANSWER-- activated by
inhalation (no coordination/spacer necessary)
- improved medication delivery to lungs
,considerations for nebulizers - ANSWER-- fine mist droplets
- no coordination necessary
- powered equipment (not portable, needs battery or plug)
considerations for respimats - ANSWER-- better than other drug inhalation
delivery devices
- activated by inhalation (no coordination)
- fine mist droplets (better delivery to lower respiratory tract)
- portable
Uses for pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-asthma and COPD
routes for pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-- oral
- parenteral
- inhalation
, mechanism of pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-- anti-inflammatory
- immunosuppressant
pulmonary glucocorticoid prototypes (and their routes) - ANSWER--
fluticasone/budesonide (inhalation)
- prednisone/prednisolone (oral)
- methylprednisolone (IV)
indications for pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-*prophylaxis for
obstructive airway diseases*
- inhaled
- on a fixed schedule
- controller medication
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026-2027.
pathways to airflow limitation in asthma - ANSWER-*airflow limitation in
asthma is caused by bronchospasm and/or inflammation*
- allergen > mast cell reaction > inflammatory mediators > bronchospasm
- allergen > mast cell reaction> infiltration of inflammatory mediators and
inflammatory cells > inflammation
- bronchial hyperreactivity > triggers > bronchospasm
bronchitis (COPD) pathway to airflow limitation - ANSWER-- continuous
irritation from smoke/pollution > inflammation > bronchial edema/hyper
secretion of mucus > airway obstruction
,emphysema (COPD) pathway to airflow limitation - ANSWER-- continuous
irritation from smoke/pollution > inflammation > increased protease activity
> destruction of alveolar walls > airway obstruction
considerations for metered dose inhalers (MDIs) - ANSWER-- most commonly
prescribed
- must coordinate between activation and inhalation
- notorious for incorrect use: patient education necessary
- more drug reaches lungs with use of spacer (21% vs 9%)
considerations for dry powder inhaler (DPIs) - ANSWER-- activated by
inhalation (no coordination/spacer necessary)
- improved medication delivery to lungs
,considerations for nebulizers - ANSWER-- fine mist droplets
- no coordination necessary
- powered equipment (not portable, needs battery or plug)
considerations for respimats - ANSWER-- better than other drug inhalation
delivery devices
- activated by inhalation (no coordination)
- fine mist droplets (better delivery to lower respiratory tract)
- portable
Uses for pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-asthma and COPD
routes for pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-- oral
- parenteral
- inhalation
, mechanism of pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-- anti-inflammatory
- immunosuppressant
pulmonary glucocorticoid prototypes (and their routes) - ANSWER--
fluticasone/budesonide (inhalation)
- prednisone/prednisolone (oral)
- methylprednisolone (IV)
indications for pulmonary glucocorticoids - ANSWER-*prophylaxis for
obstructive airway diseases*
- inhaled
- on a fixed schedule
- controller medication
