Science Medicine Hematology
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1.1.2 Hematology Laboratory Test + values Lecture 2: Intro to He
15 terms 151 terms 41 terms
Riley_Hickman5 Preview eaw64 Preview adilener82
Terms in this set (889)
females 4.2-5.4 million
RBC
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC anemia
WBC 5,000-10,000
elevated WBC infection
decreased WBC immunosuppression
females 60-160 mcg
Iron
males 80-180
hemochromatosis, iron excess
elevated iron
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron anemia or hemorrhage
platelets 150,000-4000,000
increased platelets malignancy or polycythemia vera
autoimmune disease
decreased platelets
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
females 12-16
Hbg
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct anemia
females 37%-47%
Hct
males 42-52%
pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
anemia in children
irritability, muscle weakness
S & SX:
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent malabsorpt
iron supplements N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
aPTT
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
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increased aPTT disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT 11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
acute hemolytic blood **low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension
transfusion reactions
30 min-6 hr after transfusion
febrile reactions -chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
during or up to 24hr after transfusion
mild allergic reactions - itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
anaphylactic shock maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines,
corticosteroids and vasopressor
HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
fluid overload
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
-fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
sepsis and septic shock
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular admin heparin in early stage
coagulation (DIC) -blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron given Z track
erythropoietin - epoetin alfa used to increased production of RBC
(epogen, Procrit) monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
turn urine dark yellow
folic acid
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
hyperventilation
causes of dehydration DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
subjective and objective
hypoxia
HYPOvolemia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN, glucose
HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
Hypervolemia causes
hypertonic fluids
bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension, confusion,
S & SX HYPERvolemia muscle weakness, ascites, diminished breath sounds, distended
neck veins
Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
lab test HYPERvolemia
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
notify doctor if weight gain 1-2 lb/24 or 3 lb in a wk
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foods high potassium
bananas
positive chvosteks ( facial twitching)
HYPOcalcemia positive trousseau (hand/finger spasm with blood pressure cuff
inflation
excess caffeine causes excretion calcium in urine
hyperparathyroidism, long term corticosteroid
secondary osteoporosis results
long term anticonvulsant (Dilantin)
from
manifestations: kyphosis
1. denial 4. depression
stages of grief 2. anger 5. acceptance
3. bargaining
relaxation of bronchioles causing bronchodilator
oral used to control asthma or COPD
theophylline
therapeutic range 5-15
avoid in HTN, liver and kidney dysfunction
theophylline interactions caffeine
glucocorticoids: prevent inflammation, suppress airway mucus production
beclomethasone- inhalation
prednisone- PO
suppressing inflammation, bronchoconstriction's, airway edema,
leukotriene (monelukast)
mucus production
makes the heart beat stronger and regular rhythm
digoxin
therapeutic 0.5-2.0
fatigue, weakness, vision changes, GI effects
S & SX of dig tox
infuse over 5 min
difficulty controlling bleeding
X linked recessive disorder
hemophilia
joint pain and stiffness, impaired mobility, easy bruising
slurred speech
prolonged aPTT
avoid unnecessary needle sticks, apply pressure for 5 mins after
lab test indication of hemophilia
needle sticks
monitor for occult blood
synthetic form of vasopressin increases plasma factor VIII
DDAVP
not for hemophilia B
acute hemolytic blood **low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension, hemoglobinuria,
transfusion reactions
ICP 10-15 mm Hg
mannitol osmotic diuretic treat cerebral edema
phenytoin (Dilantin) prophylactically to prevent or treat seizures
removal of nonviable brain tissue that allows for expansion or
crainiotomy
removal of epidural or subdural hematomas
KUB (kidneys, urter, bladder determines size shape and position of structures
cystoscopy use a scope to visualize the bladder and urthera
Reflex - The involuntary loss of a moderate amount of urine
usually without warning due to
reflex incontinence
hyperreflexia of the detrusor muscle, usually from altered spinal
cord activity.
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treatment urinary infections
may change urine odor and report loose stools
helps relieve urinary incontinence
TCA (nortriptyline (pamelor) -cause dizziness
monitor BP, don't take with MAOI
treats urinary spasms, analgesic
wont treat infection only bladder discomfort
phenazopyridine (pyridium)
liver and renal contraindication
take with food and change urine organge
Bladder compression techniques (Credé, Valsalva, double-
interventions for reflex
voiding, splinting) to help clients
incontinence
manage.
ORCHIECTOMY removal of testes
impaired outflow, fam Hx,
BPH
-urine hesitancy and retention, plainless hematuria
TRUS diagnosis and R/o BPH
ways to reducuse prostatic fluids frequent ejaculation
using a scope inserted though urethra and trims away excess
TURP
prostatic tissue, enlarging passage through prostate
irrigation to keep clots from forming, if bright red blood or clots
CBI
increase rate
1. turn off CBI
intervention for CBI obstruction 2. irrigate with 50 mL of irrigant sol with lg piston syringe
3. contact doc if cant dislodge clot
red in color, expect 150-200 output every 3-4 hrs
expectations of D/c of CBI
contact doc if cant void
discharge instructions after avoid sex 2-6 wks, 12+ glasses of water of day, avoid caffeine,
TURP expect pink urine
abnormal PSA less than 4
DRE signs of prostate CA hard palpable irregular
monitor tremors, AE: headache, urinary freq, hypotension
fluoxetine (prozac
-agitation, confusion, anxiety, hallucination (Serotonin syndrome
milk products coat throat causing coughing; coughing should be
avoided
tonsilectomy
admin pain on a reg sched or 1st 24 hrs to prevent breakthrough
pain
hypovolemic shock cool clammy skin
mannitol direurtic
anaphylactic reaction wheezing, rah
ataxia involuntary movement
digoxin monitor HR
digoxin tox nausea, muscle weakness, diarrhea
IVP admin lasix
estrogen helps prevent osteroposis
estradiol SE headaches and HTN
teaching: report chest pain,
epi
increases work load and O2 demand can result in angina
| Comprehensive Test Bank, |Practice
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NPO can cause dehydration and low grade fever
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1.1.2 Hematology Laboratory Test + values Lecture 2: Intro to He
15 terms 151 terms 41 terms
Riley_Hickman5 Preview eaw64 Preview adilener82
Terms in this set (889)
females 4.2-5.4 million
RBC
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC anemia
WBC 5,000-10,000
elevated WBC infection
decreased WBC immunosuppression
females 60-160 mcg
Iron
males 80-180
hemochromatosis, iron excess
elevated iron
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron anemia or hemorrhage
platelets 150,000-4000,000
increased platelets malignancy or polycythemia vera
autoimmune disease
decreased platelets
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
females 12-16
Hbg
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct anemia
females 37%-47%
Hct
males 42-52%
pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
anemia in children
irritability, muscle weakness
S & SX:
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent malabsorpt
iron supplements N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
aPTT
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
| Comprehensive Test Bank, |Practice
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,Page 2 of 46| Comprehensive
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increased aPTT disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT 11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
acute hemolytic blood **low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension
transfusion reactions
30 min-6 hr after transfusion
febrile reactions -chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
during or up to 24hr after transfusion
mild allergic reactions - itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
anaphylactic shock maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines,
corticosteroids and vasopressor
HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
fluid overload
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
-fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
sepsis and septic shock
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular admin heparin in early stage
coagulation (DIC) -blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron given Z track
erythropoietin - epoetin alfa used to increased production of RBC
(epogen, Procrit) monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
turn urine dark yellow
folic acid
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
hyperventilation
causes of dehydration DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
subjective and objective
hypoxia
HYPOvolemia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN, glucose
HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
Hypervolemia causes
hypertonic fluids
bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension, confusion,
S & SX HYPERvolemia muscle weakness, ascites, diminished breath sounds, distended
neck veins
Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
lab test HYPERvolemia
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
notify doctor if weight gain 1-2 lb/24 or 3 lb in a wk
| Comprehensive Test Bank, |Practice
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,Page 3 of 46| Comprehensive
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| Detailed broccoili,
Comprehensive
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Exams,
Test dairy
Bank,products,
Detailed
Study Guide
Practice dried
Rationales,
& Review
Exams,fruit,
Study
Notes cantaloupe,
Detailed
Guide| &Rationales,
Review Notes
Study
| Guide & Review Notes |
foods high potassium
bananas
positive chvosteks ( facial twitching)
HYPOcalcemia positive trousseau (hand/finger spasm with blood pressure cuff
inflation
excess caffeine causes excretion calcium in urine
hyperparathyroidism, long term corticosteroid
secondary osteoporosis results
long term anticonvulsant (Dilantin)
from
manifestations: kyphosis
1. denial 4. depression
stages of grief 2. anger 5. acceptance
3. bargaining
relaxation of bronchioles causing bronchodilator
oral used to control asthma or COPD
theophylline
therapeutic range 5-15
avoid in HTN, liver and kidney dysfunction
theophylline interactions caffeine
glucocorticoids: prevent inflammation, suppress airway mucus production
beclomethasone- inhalation
prednisone- PO
suppressing inflammation, bronchoconstriction's, airway edema,
leukotriene (monelukast)
mucus production
makes the heart beat stronger and regular rhythm
digoxin
therapeutic 0.5-2.0
fatigue, weakness, vision changes, GI effects
S & SX of dig tox
infuse over 5 min
difficulty controlling bleeding
X linked recessive disorder
hemophilia
joint pain and stiffness, impaired mobility, easy bruising
slurred speech
prolonged aPTT
avoid unnecessary needle sticks, apply pressure for 5 mins after
lab test indication of hemophilia
needle sticks
monitor for occult blood
synthetic form of vasopressin increases plasma factor VIII
DDAVP
not for hemophilia B
acute hemolytic blood **low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension, hemoglobinuria,
transfusion reactions
ICP 10-15 mm Hg
mannitol osmotic diuretic treat cerebral edema
phenytoin (Dilantin) prophylactically to prevent or treat seizures
removal of nonviable brain tissue that allows for expansion or
crainiotomy
removal of epidural or subdural hematomas
KUB (kidneys, urter, bladder determines size shape and position of structures
cystoscopy use a scope to visualize the bladder and urthera
Reflex - The involuntary loss of a moderate amount of urine
usually without warning due to
reflex incontinence
hyperreflexia of the detrusor muscle, usually from altered spinal
cord activity.
| Comprehensive Test Bank, |Practice
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Practice Keflex
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Bank, with food
Practice
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& Review
Exams,
Study
Notes
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Guide
| &Rationales,
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| Guide & Review Notes |
treatment urinary infections
may change urine odor and report loose stools
helps relieve urinary incontinence
TCA (nortriptyline (pamelor) -cause dizziness
monitor BP, don't take with MAOI
treats urinary spasms, analgesic
wont treat infection only bladder discomfort
phenazopyridine (pyridium)
liver and renal contraindication
take with food and change urine organge
Bladder compression techniques (Credé, Valsalva, double-
interventions for reflex
voiding, splinting) to help clients
incontinence
manage.
ORCHIECTOMY removal of testes
impaired outflow, fam Hx,
BPH
-urine hesitancy and retention, plainless hematuria
TRUS diagnosis and R/o BPH
ways to reducuse prostatic fluids frequent ejaculation
using a scope inserted though urethra and trims away excess
TURP
prostatic tissue, enlarging passage through prostate
irrigation to keep clots from forming, if bright red blood or clots
CBI
increase rate
1. turn off CBI
intervention for CBI obstruction 2. irrigate with 50 mL of irrigant sol with lg piston syringe
3. contact doc if cant dislodge clot
red in color, expect 150-200 output every 3-4 hrs
expectations of D/c of CBI
contact doc if cant void
discharge instructions after avoid sex 2-6 wks, 12+ glasses of water of day, avoid caffeine,
TURP expect pink urine
abnormal PSA less than 4
DRE signs of prostate CA hard palpable irregular
monitor tremors, AE: headache, urinary freq, hypotension
fluoxetine (prozac
-agitation, confusion, anxiety, hallucination (Serotonin syndrome
milk products coat throat causing coughing; coughing should be
avoided
tonsilectomy
admin pain on a reg sched or 1st 24 hrs to prevent breakthrough
pain
hypovolemic shock cool clammy skin
mannitol direurtic
anaphylactic reaction wheezing, rah
ataxia involuntary movement
digoxin monitor HR
digoxin tox nausea, muscle weakness, diarrhea
IVP admin lasix
estrogen helps prevent osteroposis
estradiol SE headaches and HTN
teaching: report chest pain,
epi
increases work load and O2 demand can result in angina
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NPO can cause dehydration and low grade fever
