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NAVLE Exam – Complete Question &
Answer Compilation
Which of the following urinary complications may occur in dogs with
heartworm disease?
A) Chronic renal failure
B) Cystitis
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Pyelonephritis
E) Renal cysts
ANSWER: C) Glomerulonephritis
A 4 year old female Holstein cow is diagnosed with lactic acidosis. If she
survives the acute disease, she is at greatest risk for which of the following
conditions?
A) Cystitis
B) Mastitis
C) Metritis
D) Sole abscess
E) Uveitis
ANSWER: D) Sole abscess
Lactic acidosis (grain overload) in cattle leads to rumenitis — inflammation and
damage to the rumen wall. Once the rumen epithelium is compromised:
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- Bacteria (e.g., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Arcanobacterium pyogenes) can
enter the portal circulation.
- They form hepatic abscesses.
- Bacterial toxins and emboli from these abscesses or rumenitis-associated
endotoxemia then affect laminar corium perfusion in the hooves.
- Result → Laminitis, which predisposes to sole ulcers/abscesses and other claw
horn lesions.
Which of the following is the most common clinical sign associated with
guttural pouch mycosis in the horse?
A) Corneal ulceration
B) Dysphagia
C) Epistaxis
D) Horner's syndrome
E) Paralysis of the facial (VII) nerve
ANSWER: C) Epistaxis
A 3 year old Thoroughbred gelding has had lethargy and a poor appetite for
the past two weeks. Rectal temperature is 101.4 degrees F (38.6 degrees C),
heart rate is 42 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 16 breaths/min. Physical
examination shows mild depression, exposure keratitis of the right eye, and a
head tilt, with the poll displaced to the right. The muzzle is deviated to the left,
and the lower lip is flaccid and dropping. Which of the following is the most
appropriate next step in establishing the diagnosis?
A) Electromyography
B) Endoscopic evaluation of the larynx
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C) Evaluation of aspirate from the temporomandibular joint
D) Nerve conduction velocity tests
E) Skull radiography
ANSWER: A) Electromyography
A 3 year old Afghan Hound dog has tachypnea and pleural effusion.
Thoracocentesis yields an opaque, pinkish white fluid with a specific gravity
of 1.020. Which of the following methods is most accurate in confirming the
diagnosis?
A) Comparing cholesterol and triglyceride content of the effusion and the serum
B) Performing an ether clearance test on the effusion and the serum
C) Performing cytologic examination to determine the proportion of lymphocytes
in the effusion
D) Performing ultrasonography of the thorax
E) Staining the effusion with Sudan stain to identify fat
ANSWER: A) Comparing cholesterol and triglyceride content of the effusion and
the serum
Why: The description (opaque, pinkish-white pleural fluid; SG ~1.020) is classic
for chylothorax, to which Afghan Hounds are predisposed. The most accurate
confirmation is to measure lipids:
Chylous effusion: Triglycerides in fluid > serum (often >100 mg/dL in dogs), and
Cholesterol:triglyceride ratio < 1 in the effusion.
Why not the others:
B) Ether clearance and E) Sudan stain: old, nonspecific fat tests—can be
misleading.
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C) Cytology: Often lymphocyte-rich, but not definitive (can shift with chronicity).
D) Thoracic ultrasound: Detects fluid/structures but doesn't confirm chyle.
Which of the following is the most appropriate class of antibiotics for the
treatment of bite wound abscesses in cats?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Beta-lactam drugs
C) Chloramphenicols
D) Fluoroquinolones
E) Tetracyclines
ANSWER: B) Beta-lactam drugs
A 14 year old neutered male domestic longhaired cat is evaluated because of a
3 month history of decreased activity level. The cat has neem an
indoor/outdoor cat during the past year. Body condition score is 5/9.
Temperature is 100.6 degrees F (38.1 degrees C), heart rate is 164 beats/min,
and respiratory rate is 36 breaths/min. On physical examination, capillary
refill time is 1 second. Palpation of the thyroid glands shows no abnormalities.
Thoracic auscultation discloses a grade III/VI sternal murmur and a gallop
rhythm. Which of the following is most likely present in this cat?
A) Dilated cardiomyopathy
B) Dysplasia of the tricuspid valve
C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopahty
D) Left-to-right shunt
E) Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve
✅Correct answer: C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
NAVLE Exam – Complete Question &
Answer Compilation
Which of the following urinary complications may occur in dogs with
heartworm disease?
A) Chronic renal failure
B) Cystitis
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Pyelonephritis
E) Renal cysts
ANSWER: C) Glomerulonephritis
A 4 year old female Holstein cow is diagnosed with lactic acidosis. If she
survives the acute disease, she is at greatest risk for which of the following
conditions?
A) Cystitis
B) Mastitis
C) Metritis
D) Sole abscess
E) Uveitis
ANSWER: D) Sole abscess
Lactic acidosis (grain overload) in cattle leads to rumenitis — inflammation and
damage to the rumen wall. Once the rumen epithelium is compromised:
,2|Page
- Bacteria (e.g., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Arcanobacterium pyogenes) can
enter the portal circulation.
- They form hepatic abscesses.
- Bacterial toxins and emboli from these abscesses or rumenitis-associated
endotoxemia then affect laminar corium perfusion in the hooves.
- Result → Laminitis, which predisposes to sole ulcers/abscesses and other claw
horn lesions.
Which of the following is the most common clinical sign associated with
guttural pouch mycosis in the horse?
A) Corneal ulceration
B) Dysphagia
C) Epistaxis
D) Horner's syndrome
E) Paralysis of the facial (VII) nerve
ANSWER: C) Epistaxis
A 3 year old Thoroughbred gelding has had lethargy and a poor appetite for
the past two weeks. Rectal temperature is 101.4 degrees F (38.6 degrees C),
heart rate is 42 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 16 breaths/min. Physical
examination shows mild depression, exposure keratitis of the right eye, and a
head tilt, with the poll displaced to the right. The muzzle is deviated to the left,
and the lower lip is flaccid and dropping. Which of the following is the most
appropriate next step in establishing the diagnosis?
A) Electromyography
B) Endoscopic evaluation of the larynx
,3|Page
C) Evaluation of aspirate from the temporomandibular joint
D) Nerve conduction velocity tests
E) Skull radiography
ANSWER: A) Electromyography
A 3 year old Afghan Hound dog has tachypnea and pleural effusion.
Thoracocentesis yields an opaque, pinkish white fluid with a specific gravity
of 1.020. Which of the following methods is most accurate in confirming the
diagnosis?
A) Comparing cholesterol and triglyceride content of the effusion and the serum
B) Performing an ether clearance test on the effusion and the serum
C) Performing cytologic examination to determine the proportion of lymphocytes
in the effusion
D) Performing ultrasonography of the thorax
E) Staining the effusion with Sudan stain to identify fat
ANSWER: A) Comparing cholesterol and triglyceride content of the effusion and
the serum
Why: The description (opaque, pinkish-white pleural fluid; SG ~1.020) is classic
for chylothorax, to which Afghan Hounds are predisposed. The most accurate
confirmation is to measure lipids:
Chylous effusion: Triglycerides in fluid > serum (often >100 mg/dL in dogs), and
Cholesterol:triglyceride ratio < 1 in the effusion.
Why not the others:
B) Ether clearance and E) Sudan stain: old, nonspecific fat tests—can be
misleading.
, 4|Page
C) Cytology: Often lymphocyte-rich, but not definitive (can shift with chronicity).
D) Thoracic ultrasound: Detects fluid/structures but doesn't confirm chyle.
Which of the following is the most appropriate class of antibiotics for the
treatment of bite wound abscesses in cats?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Beta-lactam drugs
C) Chloramphenicols
D) Fluoroquinolones
E) Tetracyclines
ANSWER: B) Beta-lactam drugs
A 14 year old neutered male domestic longhaired cat is evaluated because of a
3 month history of decreased activity level. The cat has neem an
indoor/outdoor cat during the past year. Body condition score is 5/9.
Temperature is 100.6 degrees F (38.1 degrees C), heart rate is 164 beats/min,
and respiratory rate is 36 breaths/min. On physical examination, capillary
refill time is 1 second. Palpation of the thyroid glands shows no abnormalities.
Thoracic auscultation discloses a grade III/VI sternal murmur and a gallop
rhythm. Which of the following is most likely present in this cat?
A) Dilated cardiomyopathy
B) Dysplasia of the tricuspid valve
C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopahty
D) Left-to-right shunt
E) Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve
✅Correct answer: C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
