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NSG 555 EXAM 2 (WILKES) NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL
EXAM| NURSE PRACTITIONERS IN PRIMARY CARE I
EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 250 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What is carotid auscultation for bruit used to indicate? - ANSWER - It is
a marker for generalized atherosclerosis.
What imaging study can define the degree of stenosis in carotid stenosis
(CS)? - ANSWER - Catheter-based angiography.
What is the primary diagnostic tool for carotid stenosis? - ANSWER -
Duplex ultrasound.
What are the indications for carotid duplex ultrasound? - ANSWER -
Cervical bruit in asymptomatic patients, serial surveillance of known
stenosis, vascular assessment in patients with multiple risk factors, and
stroke risk assessment.
What are the alternatives to duplex ultrasound for evaluating carotid
stenosis? - ANSWER - Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and
computed tomography angiography (CTA).
pg. 1
,2|Page
What is the preferred imaging method for patients unsuitable for MRA?
- ANSWER - Computed tomography angiography (CTA).
What are the three conditions under which carotid revascularization is
not recommended? - ANSWER - Narrowing of the ipsilateral ICA by
less than 50%, chronic total occlusion, and severe disability from
cerebral infarction.
What lifestyle modifications are recommended for stroke management?
- ANSWER - Diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and management of
hypertension and diabetes.
What drug class is indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in
heart failure patients? - ANSWER - Selective SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g.,
empagliflozin, dapagliflozin).
What are GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for in patients with type 2
diabetes? - ANSWER - To reduce the risk of major adverse
cardiovascular events.
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)? - ANSWER - A condition where
coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart due to
cholesterol deposits.
What is the treatment for coronary artery disease? - ANSWER -
Coronary angioplasty and stent placement.
pg. 2
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What are the ACC/AHA stages of heart failure? - ANSWER - Stage A:
High risk without symptoms; Stage B: Structural disease without
symptoms; Stage C: Structural disease with symptoms; Stage D:
Refractory heart failure.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class I? - ANSWER -
No limitation of physical activity; asymptomatic during regular
activities.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class II? - ANSWER -
Slight limitation of physical activity; symptoms occur with ordinary
activity.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class III? - ANSWER
- Marked limitation of physical activity; symptoms occur with less than
ordinary activities.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class IV? - ANSWER
- Unable to carry on any physical activity without discomfort; symptoms
at rest.
What is the most common causative agent of infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER - Streptococcus viridans.
What is infective endocarditis? - ANSWER - A microbial infection
within the endothelium of the heart, often affecting heart valves.
pg. 3
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What are vegetations in the context of infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER - Vegetations are masses of platelets, fibrin, and
microorganisms that adhere to the heart's endothelial structures.
Which organisms most commonly cause infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER - Most cases are bacterial infections, particularly by
Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.
What are the types of infective endocarditis? - ANSWER - Acute,
subacute, and chronic, differentiated by the speed of disease progression
and mortality.
What is the typical time frame for death in acute infective endocarditis?
- ANSWER - Death can occur within days to less than 6 weeks.
What are common symptoms of infective endocarditis? - ANSWER -
Generalized fatigue, malaise, night sweats, chills, weight loss, weakness,
nausea, and vomiting.
What diagnostic tests are used for infective endocarditis? - ANSWER -
Three blood cultures, CBC with differential, chest x-ray, EKG, and
echocardiogram.
What is the Duke criteria used for? - ANSWER - To determine the
specific type of infective endocarditis.
pg. 4
NSG 555 EXAM 2 (WILKES) NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL
EXAM| NURSE PRACTITIONERS IN PRIMARY CARE I
EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 250 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What is carotid auscultation for bruit used to indicate? - ANSWER - It is
a marker for generalized atherosclerosis.
What imaging study can define the degree of stenosis in carotid stenosis
(CS)? - ANSWER - Catheter-based angiography.
What is the primary diagnostic tool for carotid stenosis? - ANSWER -
Duplex ultrasound.
What are the indications for carotid duplex ultrasound? - ANSWER -
Cervical bruit in asymptomatic patients, serial surveillance of known
stenosis, vascular assessment in patients with multiple risk factors, and
stroke risk assessment.
What are the alternatives to duplex ultrasound for evaluating carotid
stenosis? - ANSWER - Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and
computed tomography angiography (CTA).
pg. 1
,2|Page
What is the preferred imaging method for patients unsuitable for MRA?
- ANSWER - Computed tomography angiography (CTA).
What are the three conditions under which carotid revascularization is
not recommended? - ANSWER - Narrowing of the ipsilateral ICA by
less than 50%, chronic total occlusion, and severe disability from
cerebral infarction.
What lifestyle modifications are recommended for stroke management?
- ANSWER - Diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and management of
hypertension and diabetes.
What drug class is indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in
heart failure patients? - ANSWER - Selective SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g.,
empagliflozin, dapagliflozin).
What are GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for in patients with type 2
diabetes? - ANSWER - To reduce the risk of major adverse
cardiovascular events.
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)? - ANSWER - A condition where
coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart due to
cholesterol deposits.
What is the treatment for coronary artery disease? - ANSWER -
Coronary angioplasty and stent placement.
pg. 2
,3|Page
What are the ACC/AHA stages of heart failure? - ANSWER - Stage A:
High risk without symptoms; Stage B: Structural disease without
symptoms; Stage C: Structural disease with symptoms; Stage D:
Refractory heart failure.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class I? - ANSWER -
No limitation of physical activity; asymptomatic during regular
activities.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class II? - ANSWER -
Slight limitation of physical activity; symptoms occur with ordinary
activity.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class III? - ANSWER
- Marked limitation of physical activity; symptoms occur with less than
ordinary activities.
What is the NYHA classification for heart failure Class IV? - ANSWER
- Unable to carry on any physical activity without discomfort; symptoms
at rest.
What is the most common causative agent of infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER - Streptococcus viridans.
What is infective endocarditis? - ANSWER - A microbial infection
within the endothelium of the heart, often affecting heart valves.
pg. 3
, 4|Page
What are vegetations in the context of infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER - Vegetations are masses of platelets, fibrin, and
microorganisms that adhere to the heart's endothelial structures.
Which organisms most commonly cause infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER - Most cases are bacterial infections, particularly by
Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.
What are the types of infective endocarditis? - ANSWER - Acute,
subacute, and chronic, differentiated by the speed of disease progression
and mortality.
What is the typical time frame for death in acute infective endocarditis?
- ANSWER - Death can occur within days to less than 6 weeks.
What are common symptoms of infective endocarditis? - ANSWER -
Generalized fatigue, malaise, night sweats, chills, weight loss, weakness,
nausea, and vomiting.
What diagnostic tests are used for infective endocarditis? - ANSWER -
Three blood cultures, CBC with differential, chest x-ray, EKG, and
echocardiogram.
What is the Duke criteria used for? - ANSWER - To determine the
specific type of infective endocarditis.
pg. 4
