,
, Test Bank e0
to accompany
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Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition e0 e0 e0
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Multiple Choice Questions e0 e0
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throat
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s, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
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a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution
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of adaptations by natural selection.
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b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live
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to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
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c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for t
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he long-term preservation of this species.
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d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal
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es outnumber orangish females in this species.
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Answer: b e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
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gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
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Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because the
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y inherited this ability from a lemming-like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
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a. evolved function. e0
b. genetics and development. e0 e0
c. evolutionary history. e0
d. adaptive value. e0
Answer: c e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to pr
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ovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolutiona
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ry history of a behavior.
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Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
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enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
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a. can be proven. e0 e0
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
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c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
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d. is a basic principle that can be applied widely
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. Answer: b
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, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypotheses
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and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs a
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nd benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
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Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu
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st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
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a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
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b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
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c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes
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to their offspring.
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Answer: d e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
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gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
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Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can run
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. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of selec
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tive breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has
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0not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
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a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
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as remained unchanged.
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b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
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as increased.
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c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n
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ot caused by genetic differences among them.
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d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runnin
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g speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
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Answer: c e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
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gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
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Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying e0 e0 e0
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. He
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re are two questions about this observation:
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X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
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survive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies i
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n this way?
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Which of the two is a proximate question?
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a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
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b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t
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he animal e0
, Test Bank e0
to accompany
e0
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition e0 e0 e0
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Multiple Choice Questions e0 e0
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throat
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
s, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
of adaptations by natural selection.
e0 e0 e0 e0
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for t
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
he long-term preservation of this species.
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d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal
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es outnumber orangish females in this species.
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Answer: b e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
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gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because the
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
y inherited this ability from a lemming-like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
a. evolved function. e0
b. genetics and development. e0 e0
c. evolutionary history. e0
d. adaptive value. e0
Answer: c e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to pr
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
ovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolutiona
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
ry history of a behavior.
e0 e0 e0 e0
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
a. can be proven. e0 e0
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widely
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. Answer: b
e0 e0
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypotheses
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and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs a
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nd benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
to their offspring.
e0 e0
Answer: d e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding e0 e0 e0
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can run
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of selec
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
tive breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e
0not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
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a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
as remained unchanged.
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b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
as increased.
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c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n
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ot caused by genetic differences among them.
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d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runnin
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
g speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Answer: c e0
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
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gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying e0 e0 e0
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. He
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re are two questions about this observation:
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X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
survive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies i
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n this way?
e0 e0
Which of the two is a proximate question?
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a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t
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he animal e0
