PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
Questions and Answers
1. What is allergic asthma associated with?
ANS Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
2. What are the S&S of ARDS?
ANS SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory
Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
ANS Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent
breath sounds over affected lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis?
ANS Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal
Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack
ANS Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG's?
ANS 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
1/
15
, 3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis; What happens to the pH/CO2?
ANS Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis; What happens to the pH/CO2?
ANS Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis; What happens to the pH/HCO3?
ANS Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis; What happens to the pH/HCO3?
ANS Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
11. What are signs of renal cancer?
ANS No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease?
ANS Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supple- ments/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain?
2/
15
Questions and Answers
1. What is allergic asthma associated with?
ANS Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
2. What are the S&S of ARDS?
ANS SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory
Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
ANS Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent
breath sounds over affected lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis?
ANS Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal
Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack
ANS Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG's?
ANS 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
1/
15
, 3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis; What happens to the pH/CO2?
ANS Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis; What happens to the pH/CO2?
ANS Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis; What happens to the pH/HCO3?
ANS Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis; What happens to the pH/HCO3?
ANS Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
11. What are signs of renal cancer?
ANS No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease?
ANS Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supple- ments/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain?
2/
15
