BC-ADM EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS WELL
ANSWERED CORRECTLY
Excessive hepatic glucose production, rebound hyperglycemia, dawn
phenomena - (ANSWERS)reasons for AM hyperglycemia
Rebound hyperglycemia (Somogyi effect) - (ANSWERS)hypoglycemia
during sleep
Protease inhibitors (HIV treatment), corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics,
calcineurin inhibitors (anti-rejection meds), fluoroquinolone antibiotics,
beta-blockers, atypical antipsychotics - (ANSWERS)medications associated
with hyperglycemia
Atenolol/metroprolol/propranolol - (ANSWERS)beta blockers
Beta blockers - (ANSWERS)decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by
blocking beta receptors; used for CVD and high BP
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) - (ANSWERS)severe
dehydration, usually with older adults with comorbidities, relative insulin
deprivation
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - (ANSWERS)absolute insulin depravation
Characteristics of HHS - (ANSWERS)usually >60 years old, >5 days
symptoms, glucose >600, beta hydroxybutyrate <3, urine ketones <2, ph
normal, bicarb more than 18, serum osmolality 300+, usually type 2, 10-
20% mortality
, BC-ADM EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS WELL
ANSWERED CORRECTLY
Causes of HHS - (ANSWERS)massive fluid loss from osmotic diuresis
(burns, hyperglycemia, diarrhea, hemodialysis, diurectics, steroids), heart
attack, infections, hypertonic feedings, medications
HHS - (ANSWERS)hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Clinical signs of HHS - (ANSWERS)polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, wt
loss, hypothermia, hypotension, tachycardia, altered sensorium
Treatment for HHS - (ANSWERS)labs (especially K+), rehydrate, correct
glucose (insulin), correct lytes
Resolution of HHS - (ANSWERS)ph 7.3+, bicarb 18+, glucose less than
250, osmolality less than 300, urine output .5mg/kg/hr, improved cognition
DKA and hyperglycemic crisis - (ANSWERS)type 1 in youth, highest in
persons <45, often a cry for help
DKA - (ANSWERS)profound insulin deficiency; accounts for 14% of all
hospital admits for T1; in young people accounts for 50% all admits; 16%
DM related fatalities; incidence ~2 episodes per 100 pt years of DM
DKA precipitating factors - (ANSWERS)40% illness and infection; 25%
inadequate insulin dosage; emotional stress (especially with teens, neglect,
mismanagement); disordered eating; pregnancy; hyperglycemia inducing
meds; insulin omission (fear of hypo or wt gain); stress; can't afford insulin;
drug use
ANSWERED CORRECTLY
Excessive hepatic glucose production, rebound hyperglycemia, dawn
phenomena - (ANSWERS)reasons for AM hyperglycemia
Rebound hyperglycemia (Somogyi effect) - (ANSWERS)hypoglycemia
during sleep
Protease inhibitors (HIV treatment), corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics,
calcineurin inhibitors (anti-rejection meds), fluoroquinolone antibiotics,
beta-blockers, atypical antipsychotics - (ANSWERS)medications associated
with hyperglycemia
Atenolol/metroprolol/propranolol - (ANSWERS)beta blockers
Beta blockers - (ANSWERS)decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by
blocking beta receptors; used for CVD and high BP
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) - (ANSWERS)severe
dehydration, usually with older adults with comorbidities, relative insulin
deprivation
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - (ANSWERS)absolute insulin depravation
Characteristics of HHS - (ANSWERS)usually >60 years old, >5 days
symptoms, glucose >600, beta hydroxybutyrate <3, urine ketones <2, ph
normal, bicarb more than 18, serum osmolality 300+, usually type 2, 10-
20% mortality
, BC-ADM EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS WELL
ANSWERED CORRECTLY
Causes of HHS - (ANSWERS)massive fluid loss from osmotic diuresis
(burns, hyperglycemia, diarrhea, hemodialysis, diurectics, steroids), heart
attack, infections, hypertonic feedings, medications
HHS - (ANSWERS)hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Clinical signs of HHS - (ANSWERS)polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, wt
loss, hypothermia, hypotension, tachycardia, altered sensorium
Treatment for HHS - (ANSWERS)labs (especially K+), rehydrate, correct
glucose (insulin), correct lytes
Resolution of HHS - (ANSWERS)ph 7.3+, bicarb 18+, glucose less than
250, osmolality less than 300, urine output .5mg/kg/hr, improved cognition
DKA and hyperglycemic crisis - (ANSWERS)type 1 in youth, highest in
persons <45, often a cry for help
DKA - (ANSWERS)profound insulin deficiency; accounts for 14% of all
hospital admits for T1; in young people accounts for 50% all admits; 16%
DM related fatalities; incidence ~2 episodes per 100 pt years of DM
DKA precipitating factors - (ANSWERS)40% illness and infection; 25%
inadequate insulin dosage; emotional stress (especially with teens, neglect,
mismanagement); disordered eating; pregnancy; hyperglycemia inducing
meds; insulin omission (fear of hypo or wt gain); stress; can't afford insulin;
drug use
