- LEAGUE OF NATIONS -
[data]
WW1 was caused by the system of alliance and the European’s colonial system.
As a result, the LON was created.
= the first international body whose principal mission was to maintain world
peace & sort out international disputes - many looked to the League to bring
stability to the world.
● marks a turning point in the history of international relations in that it is
the first model of a “world parliament”
● founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference
● dissolved on 20 April 1946
● Headquarters: Geneva
● The member states contributed according to their economic capacity and
their political will
Its complete timeline: League of Nations Timeline (worldatwar.net)
AIMS:
isabelle
→ prevent another war through collective security & disarmament
→ promote international cooperation, through business and trade
→ improve living and working conditions for the people of all nations {eg. stop
slavery; cure diseases; better living environment; better labour conditions}
COVENANT
➢ ARTICLE 10:
to respect territorial integrity - stop external aggression
➢ ARTICLE 16 (collective security): ‘war on one is war on all’
Three stages to collective security…
1. Moral condemnation - putting pressure on a guilty country by bringing
world opinion against it
↓
2. Economic sanctions - members of the League refuse to trade with the
guilty country
↓
3. Military sanctions - armed forces from member countries used against
the aggressor
, Strengths of the League:
- The Mandates Commission ensured that Britain and France acted in the
interests of the people of the former colonies of Germany and her allies.
- The Refugee Committee assisted in the return of refugees to their original
homes following the end of war
- The Slavery Commission worked to abolish slavery around the world
- The Health Committee educated people about health and sanitation and
dealt with dangerous diseases
Weaknesses of the League:
- Did not have an army of its own - had to rely on B+F’s armies - but they
were not always reliable
- America’s absence → discouraged many nations
Warren Harding replaced Wilson - promoted the idea of isolationism -
didn’t want any alliances
America joining the League would restrict its rights to make decisions -
America: a country formed based on the idea of individuality & freedom
Q: Why was the League able to achieve successes in the 1920s?
isabelle
● Most of the countries joined believing that conflicts could be avoided; not
wanting a repeat of WW1 → high level of goodwill towards the League.
● Disputes were often between small countries; they were willing to give
the League a chance and readily accept the League’s decision
● Countries were rebuilding after WW1 and were in no position
(economically or militarily) to enter into further conflict
● The League was led by the victors of WW1 → gave the League some
credibility
Main Successes
❖ Dealing with humanitarian issues:
- Turkey (1923)
The League failed to stop a bloody war in Turkey but it did respond to the
humanitarian crisis caused by this war. 1,400,000 refugees had been
created by this war with 80% of them being women and children. Typhoid
and cholera were rampant. The League sent doctors from the Health
Organisation to check the spread of disease and it spent £10 million on
building farms, homes etc for the refugees. Money was also invested in
seeds, wells and digging tools and by 1926, work was found for 600,000
[data]
WW1 was caused by the system of alliance and the European’s colonial system.
As a result, the LON was created.
= the first international body whose principal mission was to maintain world
peace & sort out international disputes - many looked to the League to bring
stability to the world.
● marks a turning point in the history of international relations in that it is
the first model of a “world parliament”
● founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference
● dissolved on 20 April 1946
● Headquarters: Geneva
● The member states contributed according to their economic capacity and
their political will
Its complete timeline: League of Nations Timeline (worldatwar.net)
AIMS:
isabelle
→ prevent another war through collective security & disarmament
→ promote international cooperation, through business and trade
→ improve living and working conditions for the people of all nations {eg. stop
slavery; cure diseases; better living environment; better labour conditions}
COVENANT
➢ ARTICLE 10:
to respect territorial integrity - stop external aggression
➢ ARTICLE 16 (collective security): ‘war on one is war on all’
Three stages to collective security…
1. Moral condemnation - putting pressure on a guilty country by bringing
world opinion against it
↓
2. Economic sanctions - members of the League refuse to trade with the
guilty country
↓
3. Military sanctions - armed forces from member countries used against
the aggressor
, Strengths of the League:
- The Mandates Commission ensured that Britain and France acted in the
interests of the people of the former colonies of Germany and her allies.
- The Refugee Committee assisted in the return of refugees to their original
homes following the end of war
- The Slavery Commission worked to abolish slavery around the world
- The Health Committee educated people about health and sanitation and
dealt with dangerous diseases
Weaknesses of the League:
- Did not have an army of its own - had to rely on B+F’s armies - but they
were not always reliable
- America’s absence → discouraged many nations
Warren Harding replaced Wilson - promoted the idea of isolationism -
didn’t want any alliances
America joining the League would restrict its rights to make decisions -
America: a country formed based on the idea of individuality & freedom
Q: Why was the League able to achieve successes in the 1920s?
isabelle
● Most of the countries joined believing that conflicts could be avoided; not
wanting a repeat of WW1 → high level of goodwill towards the League.
● Disputes were often between small countries; they were willing to give
the League a chance and readily accept the League’s decision
● Countries were rebuilding after WW1 and were in no position
(economically or militarily) to enter into further conflict
● The League was led by the victors of WW1 → gave the League some
credibility
Main Successes
❖ Dealing with humanitarian issues:
- Turkey (1923)
The League failed to stop a bloody war in Turkey but it did respond to the
humanitarian crisis caused by this war. 1,400,000 refugees had been
created by this war with 80% of them being women and children. Typhoid
and cholera were rampant. The League sent doctors from the Health
Organisation to check the spread of disease and it spent £10 million on
building farms, homes etc for the refugees. Money was also invested in
seeds, wells and digging tools and by 1926, work was found for 600,000
