CSET- Spanish Subtest 1 Questions &
Answers13
Linguistic - ANSWERS-The scientific study of the language, how it is put together and how it
functions. It looks at the interplay of sound (phonetic) and meaning (semantics and pragmatics).
Phonetics - ANSWERS-The Study of human speech sounds
Grammar - ANSWERS-Influenced by both sound and meaning (Morphology, syntax, and
phonology).
Pragmatics - ANSWERS-The Study of the use of language in context... deals with how listeners
arrive at intended meaning of speaking.
Phonology - ANSWERS-The Branch of linguistics which studies how sounds are organized, and
used in natural language.
Ex: time [t] & dime [d] Identical words, except beginning sounds.
Allophone - ANSWERS-Phones which are phonetically similar but not the same and which are
treated as the same in linguistic communication; or the sound which are phonetically different
but do not make one word different from another in meaning.
Ex: pat, spin, cup
These are sounds that are perceptibly different but do not distinguish words.
P^h - Pat (aspirated)
P- Spin (not aspirated)
P^o- Cup (your lips remain closed; /p/ is unreleased)
, Allophone - ANSWERS-Is a set of multiple spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a
single phoneme. For example, [p^h] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are multiple spoken sounds
for the phoneme /p/ in the English language. Although a phoneme's variation of spoken sounds
are all alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific alternative sound selected in a
given situation is often predictable. Changing the alternative sounds used by native speakers for
a given phoneme in a specific context usually will not change the meaning of a word but the
results may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of a given language usually
perceive one phoneme in their language as a single distinctive sound in that language and are
"both unaware of and even shocked by "all the different variations used to pronounce single
phonemes.
Morphology - ANSWERS-The study of the structure of the words and how words are formed.
Morphemes - ANSWERS-Minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be subdivided
any further. There are two types.
Bound Morphemes - ANSWERS-The smallest unit that has meaning but cannot stand alone. (A
morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme and cannot stand alone.) Affix are
often this type of morpheme. It also includes prefixes (added to the beginning of another
morpheme), suffices (added to the end), infixes (inserted into other morphemes), and
circumfixes (attached to another morpheme at the beginning and end)
Ex: o, as, a, amos, an (the ending of any grammatical change in a verb.
Free Morphemes - ANSWERS-The smallest unit that has meaning and can stand alone. (or A
morphene that does not need to be attached to another morpheme and can stand alone)
1) open class/ lexical/content
-verb, noun, adjective, and adverb.
2) closed class/function/grammatical
Ex. el, las, los, nos,vos
- Conjuctions, prepositons, articles, and pronouns
Answers13
Linguistic - ANSWERS-The scientific study of the language, how it is put together and how it
functions. It looks at the interplay of sound (phonetic) and meaning (semantics and pragmatics).
Phonetics - ANSWERS-The Study of human speech sounds
Grammar - ANSWERS-Influenced by both sound and meaning (Morphology, syntax, and
phonology).
Pragmatics - ANSWERS-The Study of the use of language in context... deals with how listeners
arrive at intended meaning of speaking.
Phonology - ANSWERS-The Branch of linguistics which studies how sounds are organized, and
used in natural language.
Ex: time [t] & dime [d] Identical words, except beginning sounds.
Allophone - ANSWERS-Phones which are phonetically similar but not the same and which are
treated as the same in linguistic communication; or the sound which are phonetically different
but do not make one word different from another in meaning.
Ex: pat, spin, cup
These are sounds that are perceptibly different but do not distinguish words.
P^h - Pat (aspirated)
P- Spin (not aspirated)
P^o- Cup (your lips remain closed; /p/ is unreleased)
, Allophone - ANSWERS-Is a set of multiple spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a
single phoneme. For example, [p^h] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are multiple spoken sounds
for the phoneme /p/ in the English language. Although a phoneme's variation of spoken sounds
are all alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific alternative sound selected in a
given situation is often predictable. Changing the alternative sounds used by native speakers for
a given phoneme in a specific context usually will not change the meaning of a word but the
results may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of a given language usually
perceive one phoneme in their language as a single distinctive sound in that language and are
"both unaware of and even shocked by "all the different variations used to pronounce single
phonemes.
Morphology - ANSWERS-The study of the structure of the words and how words are formed.
Morphemes - ANSWERS-Minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be subdivided
any further. There are two types.
Bound Morphemes - ANSWERS-The smallest unit that has meaning but cannot stand alone. (A
morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme and cannot stand alone.) Affix are
often this type of morpheme. It also includes prefixes (added to the beginning of another
morpheme), suffices (added to the end), infixes (inserted into other morphemes), and
circumfixes (attached to another morpheme at the beginning and end)
Ex: o, as, a, amos, an (the ending of any grammatical change in a verb.
Free Morphemes - ANSWERS-The smallest unit that has meaning and can stand alone. (or A
morphene that does not need to be attached to another morpheme and can stand alone)
1) open class/ lexical/content
-verb, noun, adjective, and adverb.
2) closed class/function/grammatical
Ex. el, las, los, nos,vos
- Conjuctions, prepositons, articles, and pronouns
