ATI RN Adult Medical-Surgical Practice (2019)
2026/2027 Final Exam – 100 Questions with Correct Answers & Explanations
,Cardiovascular Disorders (Q1–Q15)
Q1. A nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which finding is expected?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Pulmonary crackles ✓
D. Ascites
Explanation:
Left-sided HF causes pulmonary congestion due to blood backing up into the lungs.
Q2. Which lab value confirms a diagnosis of myocardial infarction?
A. BNP
B. Troponin I ✓
C. CK-MB
D. Myoglobin
Explanation:
Troponin I is the most specific and sensitive marker for MI.
Q3. A client on digoxin should be monitored for which toxicity sign?
A. Tinnitus
B. Yellow-green halos ✓
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Dry cough
Explanation:
Visual disturbances are classic for digoxin toxicity.
Q4. Which BP reading indicates stage 2 hypertension?
A. 128/82
B. 134/86
C. 150/95 ✓
D. 138/88
,Explanation:
Stage 2 HTN ≥ 140/90 mmHg.
Q5. Priority action for a client with chest pain?
A. Administer aspirin ✓
B. Obtain ECG
C. Check BP
D. Start IV fluids
Explanation:
Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation and mortality—give immediately unless contraindicated.
Q6. Which diet is appropriate for hypertension?
A. High sodium
B. DASH diet ✓
C. High protein
D. Keto diet
Explanation:
The DASH diet lowers BP through reduced sodium and balanced nutrients.
Q7. Which ECG change indicates hyperkalemia?
A. ST depression
B. Flattened T wave
C. Peaked T wave ✓
D. Prolonged QT
Explanation:
Tall peaked T waves = hyperkalemia.
Q8. A client with DVT should receive which first-line therapy?
A. Warfarin
B. Heparin ✓
, C. Aspirin
D. Clopidogrel
Explanation:
Heparin provides immediate anticoagulation.
Q9. Which medication reduces preload in HF?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Diuretics ✓
D. Digoxin
Explanation:
Diuretics reduce circulating volume → ↓ preload.
Q10. Which finding indicates worsening heart failure?
A. Weight loss
B. Decreased urine output ✓
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypotension
Explanation:
Reduced renal perfusion causes oliguria.
Q11. Which complication is life-threatening after MI?
A. GERD
B. Ventricular fibrillation ✓
C. Anemia
D. Anxiety
Explanation:
V-fib is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death post-MI.
Q12. Best position for acute pulmonary edema?
2026/2027 Final Exam – 100 Questions with Correct Answers & Explanations
,Cardiovascular Disorders (Q1–Q15)
Q1. A nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which finding is expected?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Pulmonary crackles ✓
D. Ascites
Explanation:
Left-sided HF causes pulmonary congestion due to blood backing up into the lungs.
Q2. Which lab value confirms a diagnosis of myocardial infarction?
A. BNP
B. Troponin I ✓
C. CK-MB
D. Myoglobin
Explanation:
Troponin I is the most specific and sensitive marker for MI.
Q3. A client on digoxin should be monitored for which toxicity sign?
A. Tinnitus
B. Yellow-green halos ✓
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Dry cough
Explanation:
Visual disturbances are classic for digoxin toxicity.
Q4. Which BP reading indicates stage 2 hypertension?
A. 128/82
B. 134/86
C. 150/95 ✓
D. 138/88
,Explanation:
Stage 2 HTN ≥ 140/90 mmHg.
Q5. Priority action for a client with chest pain?
A. Administer aspirin ✓
B. Obtain ECG
C. Check BP
D. Start IV fluids
Explanation:
Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation and mortality—give immediately unless contraindicated.
Q6. Which diet is appropriate for hypertension?
A. High sodium
B. DASH diet ✓
C. High protein
D. Keto diet
Explanation:
The DASH diet lowers BP through reduced sodium and balanced nutrients.
Q7. Which ECG change indicates hyperkalemia?
A. ST depression
B. Flattened T wave
C. Peaked T wave ✓
D. Prolonged QT
Explanation:
Tall peaked T waves = hyperkalemia.
Q8. A client with DVT should receive which first-line therapy?
A. Warfarin
B. Heparin ✓
, C. Aspirin
D. Clopidogrel
Explanation:
Heparin provides immediate anticoagulation.
Q9. Which medication reduces preload in HF?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Diuretics ✓
D. Digoxin
Explanation:
Diuretics reduce circulating volume → ↓ preload.
Q10. Which finding indicates worsening heart failure?
A. Weight loss
B. Decreased urine output ✓
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypotension
Explanation:
Reduced renal perfusion causes oliguria.
Q11. Which complication is life-threatening after MI?
A. GERD
B. Ventricular fibrillation ✓
C. Anemia
D. Anxiety
Explanation:
V-fib is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death post-MI.
Q12. Best position for acute pulmonary edema?
