CRAT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

CRATEXAMQUESTIONSWITHCORRECT v v v v




ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+ v v v v




Chronotropic - CORRECT ANSWER -heart rate v v v v v




Inotropic- CORRECT ANSWER -force of myocardial contractility
v v v v v v v




Dromotropic - CORRECT ANSWER -conduction velocity through the AV node
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Systole - CORRECT ANSWER -contraction of chamber, blood isbeing ejected. Pressure rises during
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systole.
v




Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER -rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber isallowed to fill. Pressure falls
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during diastole.
v v




Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER -the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat. (mL/beat)
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Cardiac output- definition - CORRECT ANSWER -The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each
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minute. (units= mL/min)
v v v




Cardiac output- equation - CORRECT ANSWER -(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
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Venous return - CORRECT ANSWER -amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the systemic
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ciruclation
v

, Blood Pressure- definition - CORRECT ANSWER -force exerted by the blood against the walls of the
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arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
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Blood pressure- equation - CORRECT ANSWER -(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or you
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could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
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An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v .- CORRECT
v v




ANSWER -flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
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Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be
v v v v v v v v . - CORRECT ANSWER -spastic contractions.
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Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively,
v v contributesan v v v v v v v




additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - CORRECT ANSWER -atrial kick
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The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Mediastinum
v




The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - CORRECT ANSWER -Right and left ventricles
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Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus - CORRECT
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ANSWER -The right atrium
v v v v




The right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER -Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation
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The v pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer layer of the v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v




heart wall called the
v v . - CORRECT ANSWER -Visceral, epicardium
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