Summary "English Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy

Summarize Topics: Present Perfect Tense, Past Continuous Tense
From
"English Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy




Present Perfect Tense 📚

Used to talk about past actions with a connection to the present

Structure: have/has + past participle (e.g., I have eaten)

Example: "I have visited Pakistan's mountains" (implies you've visited them, and it's
relevant now)
1. Usage:
 Actions started in the past and continue now
 Actions happened at an unspecified time in the past
 Actions happened in the past with a result now
2. Structure: have/has + past participle
 I have lived in Karachi (for 5 years)
 She has eaten sushi
 They haven't visited Lahore
3. Keywords: just, already, yet, ever, never, for, since
 Example:
 I've just finished my homework
 Have you ever been to Pakistan?
 They've been friends since school
Common Mistakes 🚫

 Don't mix with Past Simple (e.g., "I went to Lahore" vs "I have been to Lahore")
 Use "for" for durations, "since" for specific past points
 I've lived here for 3 years
 I've lived here since 2021

Past Continuous Tense 📚
 Used to talk about actions that were in progress at a specific time in the past
 Structure: was/were + verb-ing (e.g., I was studying)
 Example: "I was watching TV at 8 PM yesterday" (action was happening at that time)