FoundationsVofVFinancialVManagement,V18thVEditionVbyVStanleyVBlock,
VGeoffreyVHirt,VBartleyVDanielsen
ChapterV1-21
ChapterV1
TheVGoalsVandVFunctionsVofVFinancialVManagement
DiscussionVQuestions
1-1 WhatVeffectVdidVtheVrecessionVofV2007-2009VhaveVonVgovernmentVregulation?
ItVwasVgreatlyVincreased.
1-2 WhatVadvantagesVdoesVaVsoleVproprietorshipVoffer?VWhatVisVaVmajorVdrawbackVofVt
hisVtypeVofVorganization?
AVsoleVproprietorshipVoffersVtheVadvantageVofVsimplicityVofVdecisionVmakingVandVlo
wVorganizationalVandVoperatingVcosts.VAVmajorVdrawbackVisVthatVthereVisVunlimitedVl
iabilityVtoVtheVowner.
1-3 WhatVformVofVpartnershipVallowsVsomeVofVtheVinvestorsVtoVlimitVtheirVliability?V
ExplainVbriefly.
AVlimitedVpartnershipVallowsVsomeVofVtheVpartnersVtoVlimitVtheirVliability.VUnderVthi
sVarrangement,VoneVorVmoreVpartnersVareVdesignatedVgeneralVpartnersVandVhaveVunli
mitedVliabilityVforVtheVdebtsVofVtheVfirm;VotherVpartnersVareVdesignatedVlimitedVpartn
ersVandVareVliableVonlyVforVtheirVinitialVcontribution.VTheVlimitedVpartnersVareVnorma
llyVprohibitedVfromVbeingVactiveVinVtheVmanagementVofVtheVfirm.
1-4 InVaVcorporation,VwhatVgroupVhasVtheVultimateVresponsibilityVforVprotectingVandVma
nagingVtheVstockholders’Vinterests?
TheVboardVofVdirectors.
1-5 WhatVdocumentVisVnecessaryVtoVformVaVcorporation?
TheVarticlesVofVincorporation.
1-6 WhatVissueVdoesVagencyVtheoryVexamine?VWhyVisVitVimportantVinVaVpublicVcorp
orationVratherVthanVinVaVprivateVcorporation?
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awVHillVLLC.
, AgencyVtheoryVexaminesVtheVrelationshipVbetweenVtheVownersVofVtheVfirmVandVtheV
managersVofVtheVfirm.VInVprivatelyVownedVfirms,VmanagementVandVtheVownersVareVu
suallyVtheVsameVpeople.VManagementVoperatesVtheVfirmVtoVsatisfyVitsVownVgoals,Vnee
ds,VfinancialVrequirementsVandVtheVlike.VAsVaVcompanyVmovesVfromVprivateVtoVpubli
cVownership,VmanagementVnowVrepresentsVallVowners.VThisVplacesVmanagementVinVt
heVagencyVpositionVofVmakingVdecisionsVinVtheVbestVinterestVofVallVshareholders.
1-7 WhatVareVinstitutionalVinvestorsVimportantVinVtoday’sVbusinessVworld?
BecauseVinstitutionalVinvestorsVsuchVasVpensionVfundsVandVmutualVfundsVownVaVlarge
VpercentageVofVmajorVU.S.Vcompanies,VtheyVareVhavingVmoreVtoVsayVaboutVtheVwayVp
ubliclyVownedVcompaniesVareVmanaged.VAsVaVgroup,VtheyVhaveVtheVabilityVtoVvoteVla
rgeVblocksVofVsharesVforVtheVelectionVofVaVboardVofVdirectors,VwhichVisVsupposedVtoVr
unVtheVcompanyVinVanVefficient,VcompetitiveVmanner.VTheVthreatVofVbeingVableVtoVrep
laceVpoorVperformingVboardsVofVdirectorsVmakesVinstitutionalVinvestorsVquiteVinfluenti
al.VSinceVtheseVinstitutions,VlikeVpensionVfundsVandVmutualVfunds,VrepresentVindividual
VworkersVandVinvestors,VtheyVhaveVaVresponsibilityVtoVseeVthatVtheVfirmVisVmanagedVi
nVanVefficientVandVethicalVway.
1-8 WhyVisVprofitVmaximization,VbyVitself,VanVinappropriateVgoal?VWhatVisVmeantVbyVt
heVgoalVofVmaximizationVofVshareholderVwealth?
TheVproblemVwithVaVprofitVmaximizationVgoalVisVthatVitVfailsVtoVtakeVaccountVofVris
k,VtheVtimingVofVtheVbenefitsVisVnotVconsidered,VandVprofitVmeasurementVisVaVveryVi
nexactVprocess.VTheVgoalVofVshareholders’VwealthVmaximizationVimpliesVthatVtheVfir
mVwillVattemptVtoVachieveVtheVhighestVpossibleVtotalVvaluationVinVtheVmarketplace.VI
tVisVtheVoneVoverridingVobjectiveVofVtheVfirmVandVshouldVinfluenceVeveryVdecision.
1-9 WhenVdoesVinsiderVtradingVoccur?VWhatVgovernmentVagencyVisVresponsibleVforVprot
ectingVagainstVtheVunethicalVpracticeVofVinsiderVtrading?
InsiderVtradingVoccursVwhenVanyoneVwithVnon-
publicVinformationVbuysVorVsellsVsecuritiesVtoVtakeVadvantageVofVthatVprivateVinform
ation.VTheVSecuritiesVandVExchangeVCommissionVisVresponsibleVforVprotectingVmarke
tsVagainstVinsiderVtrading.VInVtheVpast,VpeopleVhaveVgoneVtoVjailVforVtradingVonVnon-
publicVinformation.VThisVhasVincludedVcompanyVofficers,VinvestmentVbankers,Vprinter
sVwhoVhaveVinformationVbeforeVitVisVpublished,VandVevenVtruckVdriversVwhoVdeliver
VbusinessVmagazinesVandVreadVpositiveVorVnegativeVarticlesVaboutVaVcompanyVbefore
VtheVmagazineVisVonVtheVnewsstandsVandVthenVplaceVtradesVorVhaveVfriendsVplaceVtr
adesVbasedVonVthatVinformation.VTheVSECVhasVprosecutedVanyoneVwhoVprofitsVfrom
VinsideVinformation.
1-10 InVtermsVofVtheVlifeVofVtheVsecuritiesVoffered,VwhatVisVtheVdifferenceVbetweenVmo
neyVandVcapitalVmarkets?
MoneyVmarketsVreferVtoVthoseVmarketsVdealingVwithVshort-
termVsecuritiesVthatVhaveVaVlifeVofVoneVyearVorVless.VCapitalVmarketsVreferVtoVsecur
itiesVwithVaVlifeVofVmoreVthanVoneVyear.
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awVHillVLLC.
,1-11 WhatVisVtheVdifferenceVbetweenVaVprimaryVandVaVsecondaryVmarket?
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awVHillVLLC.
, AVprimaryVmarketVrefersVtoVtheVuseVofVtheVfinancialVmarketsVtoVraiseVnewVfundsVfor
VtheVcorporation.VAfterVtheVsecuritiesVareVsoldVtoVtheVpublicV(institutionsVandVindivid
uals),VtheyVtradeVinVtheVsecondaryVmarketVbetweenVinvestors.VItVisVinVtheVsecondaryV
marketVthatVpricesVareVcontinuallyVchangingVasVinvestorsVbuyVandVsellVsecuritiesVbas
edVonVtheVexpectationsVofVcorporateVprospects.
1-12 AssumeVyouVareVlookingVatVmanyVcompaniesVwithVequalVrisk.VWhichVonesVwillVh
aveVtheVhighestVstockVprices?
GivenVcompaniesVwithVequalVrisk,VthoseVcompaniesVwithVexpectationsVofVhighVretu
rnVwillVhaveVhigherVcommonVstockVpricesVrelativeVtoVthoseVcompaniesVwithVexpect
ationsVofVpoorVreturns.
1-13 HowVisVtheVtimeVvalueVofVmoneyVconceptVrelatedVtoVtheVvaluationVofVstocks?
TheVvalueVofVanVinvestmentVthatVisVexpectedVtoVearnVmoneyVinVtheVfutureVcanVbeVc
alculatedVusingVtime-
valueVofVmoneyVprinciples.VCorporationsVareVexpectedVtoVpayVdividendsVtoVtheirVshar
eholders.VTheVcurrentVvalueVofVtheseVfutureVdividendsVisVtheVpresentVvalue.VTheVpres
entVvalueVofVaVstock’sVfutureVdividendsVshouldVbeVtheVsameVasVtheVstock’sVcurrentV
price.
ChapterV2
ReviewVofVAccounting
DiscussionVQuestions
2-1. DiscussVsomeVfinancialVvariablesVthatVaffectVtheVprice-earningsVratio.
TheVprice-
earningsVratioVwillVbeVinfluencedVbyVtheVearningsVandVsalesVgrowthVofVtheVfirm,Vt
heVriskVorVvolatilityVinVperformance,VtheVdebt-
equityVstructureVofVtheVfirm,VtheVdividendVpaymentVpolicy,VtheVqualityVofVmanage
ment,VandVaVnumberVofVotherVfactors.VTheVratioVtendsVtoVbeVfuture-
oriented,VandVtheVmoreVpositiveVtheVoutlook,VtheVhigherVitVwillVbe.
2-2. WhatVisVtheVdifferenceVbetweenVbookVvalueVperVshareVofVcommonVstockVandVmar
ketVvalueVperVshare?VWhyVdoesVthisVdisparityVoccur?
BookVvalueVperVshareVisVarrivedVatVbyVtakingVtheVcostVofVtheVassetsVandVsubtractin
gVoutVliabilitiesVandVpreferredVstockVandVdividingVbyVtheVnumberVofVcommonVshar
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awVHillVLLC.