GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE
HEALTH PROFESSIONS
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KARIN C. VANMETER;
ROBERT J. HUBERT
TEST BANK
1.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Definition and
Scope
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A 22-year-old nursing student is asked to explain why
understanding pathophysiology improves clinical reasoning
when assessing patients. Which statement best links the study
of pathophysiology to bedside clinical decision-making?
Options
A. Pathophysiology focuses solely on disease names and
classification so clinicians can label problems quickly.
,B. Pathophysiology identifies mechanisms that connect altered
cell/tissue function to clinical signs and guides interventions.
C. Pathophysiology emphasizes population-level disease
prevalence rather than individual cellular processes.
D. Pathophysiology replaces the need for physical assessment
because lab tests reveal underlying causes.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): Pathophysiology explains mechanistic links between
cellular/tissue dysfunction and clinical manifestations,
informing targeted interventions and diagnostic reasoning. This
mechanism-based understanding improves prioritization and
interpretation at the bedside.
Incorrect (A): Overemphasizes taxonomy; knowing disease
names without mechanisms limits reasoning.
Incorrect (C): Population data are useful, but pathophysiology
centers on individual physiologic and cellular mechanisms.
Incorrect (D): Pathophysiology complements, not replaces,
physical assessment and lab correlation; clinical assessment
remains essential.
Teaching Point
Pathophysiology provides mechanism-to-symptom links that
guide assessment and targeted interventions.
,Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
2.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Cellular Changes — Reversible vs.
Irreversible Injury
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A 65-year-old man has transient myocardial ischemia during a
brief coronary occlusion that is rapidly revascularized. Which
cellular change most likely indicates reversible injury rather
than irreversible cell death?
Options
A. Extensive rupture of the plasma membrane with cellular
contents spilling into the interstitium.
B. Mitochondrial swelling with decreased ATP production and
reversible chromatin clumping.
C. Complete absence of mitochondria and widespread
karyolysis.
D. Dense calcification within the nucleus.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): Mitochondrial swelling and reduced ATP with
, chromatin clumping characterize reversible injury; if
oxygenation and ATP are restored, cells can recover.
Incorrect (A): Plasma membrane rupture is a hallmark of
irreversible injury/necrosis.
Incorrect (C): Loss of mitochondria and karyolysis (nuclear
dissolution) indicate irreversible injury.
Incorrect (D): Nuclear or dystrophic calcification suggests
chronic or irreversible damage, not reversible injury.
Teaching Point
Mitochondrial swelling and chromatin clumping suggest
reversible injury if stress is removed.
Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
3.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Cellular Changes — ATP Depletion
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A patient with prolonged hypovolemia develops lactic acidosis
and oliguria. At the cellular level, which immediate
consequence of ATP depletion explains decreased Na⁺/K⁺ pump
activity and resultant cellular swelling?
Options
A. Increased generation of ATP by anaerobic glycolysis prevents
HEALTH PROFESSIONS
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KARIN C. VANMETER;
ROBERT J. HUBERT
TEST BANK
1.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Definition and
Scope
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A 22-year-old nursing student is asked to explain why
understanding pathophysiology improves clinical reasoning
when assessing patients. Which statement best links the study
of pathophysiology to bedside clinical decision-making?
Options
A. Pathophysiology focuses solely on disease names and
classification so clinicians can label problems quickly.
,B. Pathophysiology identifies mechanisms that connect altered
cell/tissue function to clinical signs and guides interventions.
C. Pathophysiology emphasizes population-level disease
prevalence rather than individual cellular processes.
D. Pathophysiology replaces the need for physical assessment
because lab tests reveal underlying causes.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): Pathophysiology explains mechanistic links between
cellular/tissue dysfunction and clinical manifestations,
informing targeted interventions and diagnostic reasoning. This
mechanism-based understanding improves prioritization and
interpretation at the bedside.
Incorrect (A): Overemphasizes taxonomy; knowing disease
names without mechanisms limits reasoning.
Incorrect (C): Population data are useful, but pathophysiology
centers on individual physiologic and cellular mechanisms.
Incorrect (D): Pathophysiology complements, not replaces,
physical assessment and lab correlation; clinical assessment
remains essential.
Teaching Point
Pathophysiology provides mechanism-to-symptom links that
guide assessment and targeted interventions.
,Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
2.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Cellular Changes — Reversible vs.
Irreversible Injury
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A 65-year-old man has transient myocardial ischemia during a
brief coronary occlusion that is rapidly revascularized. Which
cellular change most likely indicates reversible injury rather
than irreversible cell death?
Options
A. Extensive rupture of the plasma membrane with cellular
contents spilling into the interstitium.
B. Mitochondrial swelling with decreased ATP production and
reversible chromatin clumping.
C. Complete absence of mitochondria and widespread
karyolysis.
D. Dense calcification within the nucleus.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): Mitochondrial swelling and reduced ATP with
, chromatin clumping characterize reversible injury; if
oxygenation and ATP are restored, cells can recover.
Incorrect (A): Plasma membrane rupture is a hallmark of
irreversible injury/necrosis.
Incorrect (C): Loss of mitochondria and karyolysis (nuclear
dissolution) indicate irreversible injury.
Incorrect (D): Nuclear or dystrophic calcification suggests
chronic or irreversible damage, not reversible injury.
Teaching Point
Mitochondrial swelling and chromatin clumping suggest
reversible injury if stress is removed.
Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
3.
Reference
Ch. 1 — Cellular Changes — ATP Depletion
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A patient with prolonged hypovolemia develops lactic acidosis
and oliguria. At the cellular level, which immediate
consequence of ATP depletion explains decreased Na⁺/K⁺ pump
activity and resultant cellular swelling?
Options
A. Increased generation of ATP by anaerobic glycolysis prevents
