GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE
HEALTH PROFESSIONS
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KARIN C. VANMETER;
ROBERT J. HUBERT
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Homeostasis and
Disease
Stem
A 54-year-old patient develops orthostatic hypotension after
several weeks of bed rest. Which mechanistic explanation best
links loss of normal physiological regulation to the observed
hypotension? The scenario requires applying the concept of
homeostatic set points and compensatory mechanisms.
A. Prolonged bed rest causes permanent loss of adrenal cortical
function, preventing catecholamine release.
,B. Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity and decreased blood
volume from deconditioning impair rapid compensatory
vasoconstriction.
C. Bed rest directly increases sympathetic tone permanently,
leading to hypotension.
D. Immobility triggers autoimmune destruction of vascular
smooth muscle, preventing constriction.
Correct answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Deconditioning from prolonged bed rest reduces blood volume
and impairs baroreceptor reflex sensitivity; together these blunt
rapid sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction needed on
standing, producing orthostatic hypotension. This explanation
links disturbed homeostatic control (baroreceptor set point and
reflex) to clinical manifestation. (VanMeter & Hubert, Ch. 1)
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Adrenal cortical failure is not a common consequence of
short-term bed rest and is not required for orthostatic
hypotension.
C. Increased sympathetic tone would typically raise blood
pressure, not lower it; chronic deconditioning reduces, not
increases, effective reflex responses.
D. Autoimmune destruction of vascular smooth muscle is
neither a typical effect of immobility nor a mechanism for
orthostatic hypotension.
,Teaching point (≤20 words)
Deconditioning reduces baroreceptor responsiveness and
circulating volume — impaired compensation causes orthostatic
hypotension.
Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Definitions: Disease
vs. Pathophysiology
Stem
A nursing student is asked to explain why pathophysiology is
distinct from clinical diagnosis. Which description best reflects
pathophysiology’s focus when interpreting disease processes?
A. Pathophysiology defines the specific signs and symptoms
used only for diagnosis.
B. Pathophysiology describes the cellular and molecular
mechanisms that lead to signs and symptoms.
C. Pathophysiology is solely a list of risk factors without
mechanisms.
D. Pathophysiology is interchangeable with epidemiology.
Correct answer: B
, Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Pathophysiology focuses on the mechanistic links between
etiology and clinical manifestations — how cellular/molecular
changes produce symptoms and signs. This mechanistic
emphasis distinguishes it from mere description (diagnosis) or
population-level patterns (epidemiology). (VanMeter & Hubert,
Ch. 1)
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Listing signs and symptoms is diagnostic description, not the
mechanistic emphasis of pathophysiology.
C. Pathophysiology includes mechanisms, not just risk factors.
D. Epidemiology studies disease patterns in populations; it is
not synonymous with mechanistic pathophysiology.
Teaching point (≤20 words)
Pathophysiology explains mechanisms linking cause to clinical
manifestations, not just symptom lists.
Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Cellular Adaptation:
Hypertrophy & Hyperplasia
HEALTH PROFESSIONS
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KARIN C. VANMETER;
ROBERT J. HUBERT
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Homeostasis and
Disease
Stem
A 54-year-old patient develops orthostatic hypotension after
several weeks of bed rest. Which mechanistic explanation best
links loss of normal physiological regulation to the observed
hypotension? The scenario requires applying the concept of
homeostatic set points and compensatory mechanisms.
A. Prolonged bed rest causes permanent loss of adrenal cortical
function, preventing catecholamine release.
,B. Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity and decreased blood
volume from deconditioning impair rapid compensatory
vasoconstriction.
C. Bed rest directly increases sympathetic tone permanently,
leading to hypotension.
D. Immobility triggers autoimmune destruction of vascular
smooth muscle, preventing constriction.
Correct answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Deconditioning from prolonged bed rest reduces blood volume
and impairs baroreceptor reflex sensitivity; together these blunt
rapid sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction needed on
standing, producing orthostatic hypotension. This explanation
links disturbed homeostatic control (baroreceptor set point and
reflex) to clinical manifestation. (VanMeter & Hubert, Ch. 1)
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Adrenal cortical failure is not a common consequence of
short-term bed rest and is not required for orthostatic
hypotension.
C. Increased sympathetic tone would typically raise blood
pressure, not lower it; chronic deconditioning reduces, not
increases, effective reflex responses.
D. Autoimmune destruction of vascular smooth muscle is
neither a typical effect of immobility nor a mechanism for
orthostatic hypotension.
,Teaching point (≤20 words)
Deconditioning reduces baroreceptor responsiveness and
circulating volume — impaired compensation causes orthostatic
hypotension.
Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Definitions: Disease
vs. Pathophysiology
Stem
A nursing student is asked to explain why pathophysiology is
distinct from clinical diagnosis. Which description best reflects
pathophysiology’s focus when interpreting disease processes?
A. Pathophysiology defines the specific signs and symptoms
used only for diagnosis.
B. Pathophysiology describes the cellular and molecular
mechanisms that lead to signs and symptoms.
C. Pathophysiology is solely a list of risk factors without
mechanisms.
D. Pathophysiology is interchangeable with epidemiology.
Correct answer: B
, Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Pathophysiology focuses on the mechanistic links between
etiology and clinical manifestations — how cellular/molecular
changes produce symptoms and signs. This mechanistic
emphasis distinguishes it from mere description (diagnosis) or
population-level patterns (epidemiology). (VanMeter & Hubert,
Ch. 1)
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Listing signs and symptoms is diagnostic description, not the
mechanistic emphasis of pathophysiology.
C. Pathophysiology includes mechanisms, not just risk factors.
D. Epidemiology studies disease patterns in populations; it is
not synonymous with mechanistic pathophysiology.
Teaching point (≤20 words)
Pathophysiology explains mechanisms linking cause to clinical
manifestations, not just symptom lists.
Citation
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Cellular Adaptation:
Hypertrophy & Hyperplasia
