BIOS 255
(EDAPT WEEK 7)
Anatomy & Physiology III course with a lab
,Which of the following cranial nerves functions in parasympathetic
processes?
Vagus
Which of the following muscles are involved in respiration?
External intercostals
Pulmonary Ventilation, Inspiration, and Exhalation
Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, the blood,
and the cells of an organism. The exchange of air into and out of the lungs is
known as pulmonary ventilation and is defined as the bulk movement of air
into and out of the lungs. This exchange of air occurs in a rhythmic motion
with periods of inhalation, exhalation, and a pause before repeating again.
One respiratory cycle is defined as one cycle of inhalation (inspiratory
movement) whereby air is moved into the lungs, and one cycle
of exhalation (expiratory movement) whereby air is expelled from the lungs.
There are different forms of breathing that include normal (quiet) breathing,
forceful breathing, and a variety of homeostatic imbalances of respiration.
Normal quiet breathing (eupnea) consists of the involuntary process of
breathing that does not require thought, allowing air to slowly enter and
leave the lungs. Forceful breathing consists of the voluntary control of
various muscles of the trunk to allow for the rapid intake or expulsion of air.
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Aloud Content
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The Muscles Used During Quiet And Forceful Ventilation
Three groups of skeletal muscles found within the trunk will coordinate to
allow for quiet breathing, forceful inhalation, and forceful exhalation.
Muscle Muscles of
Groups Breathing Location
Muscles of Diaphragm The rounded floor of the thoracic
Quiet cavity that resembles a bowl when
Breathing relaxed and flattened when
contracted.
(increases
dimensions of External Located between the ribs starting
thoracic Intercostals from a superior rib inferomedially to
cavity) the adjacent inferior rib.
Muscles of Sternocleidomastoi Attached to the sternum, clavicle, and
Forceful d mastoid process, acting to lift the rib
,Muscle Muscles of
Groups Breathing Location
Inhalation cage.
(pull upward Scalenes Triangular muscles attached to ribs 1
and outward) and 2 and acts to elevate them.
Pectoralis Minor Attached to ribs 3-5 and acts to
elevate them.
Serratus Posterior Attaches to the anterior portion of ribs
Superior 2-5 and acts to elevate them.
Erector Spinae A deep group of muscles along the
vertebral column that acts to
straighten the vertebral column.
Muscles of Internal Located deep and perpendicular to
Forceful Intercostals the external intercostals that act to
Exhalation depress the ribs.
(pull Abdominal Muscles Inferior to the thoracic cavity in the
downward abdominal region that will compress
and inward) the abdominal contents upwards,
causing the diaphragm into a higher
position and pulls the sternum and
ribs inferiorly.
Transversus Attached to the inner surfaces of ribs
Thoracis 2-6 and acts to depress them.
Serratus Posterior Attached to the lower rim of ribs 9-12
Inferior and acts to depress them.
, Muscles of Breathing
The Nerves Responsible for Ventilation
The activation of the skeletal muscles for respiration will require the
innervation of nerves.
The Phrenic nerves are a pair of autonomic nerves that will innervate
the diaphragm, leading to its contraction.
The Vagus nerve is typically a parasympathetic nerve, but when
innervating the diaphragm, larynx, and pharynx, it has sympathetic
(EDAPT WEEK 7)
Anatomy & Physiology III course with a lab
,Which of the following cranial nerves functions in parasympathetic
processes?
Vagus
Which of the following muscles are involved in respiration?
External intercostals
Pulmonary Ventilation, Inspiration, and Exhalation
Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, the blood,
and the cells of an organism. The exchange of air into and out of the lungs is
known as pulmonary ventilation and is defined as the bulk movement of air
into and out of the lungs. This exchange of air occurs in a rhythmic motion
with periods of inhalation, exhalation, and a pause before repeating again.
One respiratory cycle is defined as one cycle of inhalation (inspiratory
movement) whereby air is moved into the lungs, and one cycle
of exhalation (expiratory movement) whereby air is expelled from the lungs.
There are different forms of breathing that include normal (quiet) breathing,
forceful breathing, and a variety of homeostatic imbalances of respiration.
Normal quiet breathing (eupnea) consists of the involuntary process of
breathing that does not require thought, allowing air to slowly enter and
leave the lungs. Forceful breathing consists of the voluntary control of
various muscles of the trunk to allow for the rapid intake or expulsion of air.
Read Rate
Aloud Content
Next
The Muscles Used During Quiet And Forceful Ventilation
Three groups of skeletal muscles found within the trunk will coordinate to
allow for quiet breathing, forceful inhalation, and forceful exhalation.
Muscle Muscles of
Groups Breathing Location
Muscles of Diaphragm The rounded floor of the thoracic
Quiet cavity that resembles a bowl when
Breathing relaxed and flattened when
contracted.
(increases
dimensions of External Located between the ribs starting
thoracic Intercostals from a superior rib inferomedially to
cavity) the adjacent inferior rib.
Muscles of Sternocleidomastoi Attached to the sternum, clavicle, and
Forceful d mastoid process, acting to lift the rib
,Muscle Muscles of
Groups Breathing Location
Inhalation cage.
(pull upward Scalenes Triangular muscles attached to ribs 1
and outward) and 2 and acts to elevate them.
Pectoralis Minor Attached to ribs 3-5 and acts to
elevate them.
Serratus Posterior Attaches to the anterior portion of ribs
Superior 2-5 and acts to elevate them.
Erector Spinae A deep group of muscles along the
vertebral column that acts to
straighten the vertebral column.
Muscles of Internal Located deep and perpendicular to
Forceful Intercostals the external intercostals that act to
Exhalation depress the ribs.
(pull Abdominal Muscles Inferior to the thoracic cavity in the
downward abdominal region that will compress
and inward) the abdominal contents upwards,
causing the diaphragm into a higher
position and pulls the sternum and
ribs inferiorly.
Transversus Attached to the inner surfaces of ribs
Thoracis 2-6 and acts to depress them.
Serratus Posterior Attached to the lower rim of ribs 9-12
Inferior and acts to depress them.
, Muscles of Breathing
The Nerves Responsible for Ventilation
The activation of the skeletal muscles for respiration will require the
innervation of nerves.
The Phrenic nerves are a pair of autonomic nerves that will innervate
the diaphragm, leading to its contraction.
The Vagus nerve is typically a parasympathetic nerve, but when
innervating the diaphragm, larynx, and pharynx, it has sympathetic
