CHAPTER 11 EGAN’S TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
SOLUTION VERIFIED
◉ Tidal volume (Vt) Answer: Volume of gas that moves in and out of
the respiratory tract measured during either inspiration or
expiration
◉ Vt Answer: Refreshes the gas present in the line, removing CO2
and Supplying O2 to meet metabolic needs
◉ To achieve ventilation Answer: The respiratory muscles and/or
mechanical ventilation have to generate changes in pressure so that
gas will flow in or out of the lungs.
◉ Pressure= Answer: (Elastance × volume) + (resistance × flow)
◉ Pressure Answer: Force generated by the respiratory muscles or a
mechanical ventilator, or both, during inspiration.
◉ Elastance Answer: Distance ability of the lungs and thorax.
(Pressure/volume) Reciprocal of compliance (volume/pressure)
◉ Flow Answer: Volume change per unit of time
, ◉ Why is a pressure gradient needed? Answer: To achieve gas flow
from one place to another.
◉ What is the equation of motion used for? Answer: To recognize
the pressure gradients or differences in pressure between two
points in space.
◉ The respiratory system Answer: Everything that exists between
the pressure measured at the airway opening (PAO) and the
pressure measured at the body surface (PBS.) The pressure
difference is called the trans respiratory pressure (PTR).
◉ Trans respiratory pressure (PTR) Answer: Gradient that causes
gas flow in and out of lungs. The difference between the alveolar
pressure and the pressure on the body surface.
◉ Airways Answer: Whatever exists between pressure measured in
the airway opening (PAO) and pressure measured in the alveoli of
the lungs (PA). The pressure difference is called the transairway
pressure (PTAW)
◉ Trans airway pressure (PTAW) Answer: Difference between
airway pressure and alveolar pressure. Represents all the Airways
(Real and artificial). PAO-PA
SOLUTION VERIFIED
◉ Tidal volume (Vt) Answer: Volume of gas that moves in and out of
the respiratory tract measured during either inspiration or
expiration
◉ Vt Answer: Refreshes the gas present in the line, removing CO2
and Supplying O2 to meet metabolic needs
◉ To achieve ventilation Answer: The respiratory muscles and/or
mechanical ventilation have to generate changes in pressure so that
gas will flow in or out of the lungs.
◉ Pressure= Answer: (Elastance × volume) + (resistance × flow)
◉ Pressure Answer: Force generated by the respiratory muscles or a
mechanical ventilator, or both, during inspiration.
◉ Elastance Answer: Distance ability of the lungs and thorax.
(Pressure/volume) Reciprocal of compliance (volume/pressure)
◉ Flow Answer: Volume change per unit of time
, ◉ Why is a pressure gradient needed? Answer: To achieve gas flow
from one place to another.
◉ What is the equation of motion used for? Answer: To recognize
the pressure gradients or differences in pressure between two
points in space.
◉ The respiratory system Answer: Everything that exists between
the pressure measured at the airway opening (PAO) and the
pressure measured at the body surface (PBS.) The pressure
difference is called the trans respiratory pressure (PTR).
◉ Trans respiratory pressure (PTR) Answer: Gradient that causes
gas flow in and out of lungs. The difference between the alveolar
pressure and the pressure on the body surface.
◉ Airways Answer: Whatever exists between pressure measured in
the airway opening (PAO) and pressure measured in the alveoli of
the lungs (PA). The pressure difference is called the transairway
pressure (PTAW)
◉ Trans airway pressure (PTAW) Answer: Difference between
airway pressure and alveolar pressure. Represents all the Airways
(Real and artificial). PAO-PA
