TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY
HUETHER-a comprehensive study guide-2022
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSsw sw
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
sw sw sw
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
sw sw sw sw
MULTIPLE CHOIC sw
E
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DN
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
A with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. A single circular chromosome
sw sw sw
b. A nucleus sw
c. Free-floating nuclear material sw sw
d. No organelles sw
ANS: B sw
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryo
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
te contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy
w sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
?
a. Metabolic absorption sw
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D sw
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability in
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
volves maintenance of a s t e a dNy dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secre
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
tion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most o
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
f the genetic information be contained?
sw sw sw sw sw
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm sw
ANS: C sw
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
sw sw sw sw sw sw
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s
associated with cellular respiration while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturin
w sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
g. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
layer itself?
sw sw
a. Peripheral membrane proteins sw sw
b. Integral membrane proteins
sw sw
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
sw sw
, ANS: B sw
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surf
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ace while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
cells and does not float.
sw sw sw sw
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids sw
d. Ligands
ANS: D sw
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in th
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
e extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Decreased fibronectin sw
b. Increased collagen sw
c. Decreased elastin sw
d. Increased glycoproteins sw
ANS: A sw
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing the
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
m to travel or metastasize.
sw sw sw sw
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Cell junction N sw
b. Gap junction sw
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction sw
ANS: A sw
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions all
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associ
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ated with cellular communication.
sw sw sw
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
w sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A sw
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glu
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
cagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical m
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ediator like insulin. sw sw
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. solute.
, b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B sw
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product o
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
f the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
any of the remaining options.
sw sw sw sw sw
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge tha
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
t the problem is result of a deficiency of:
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: C sw
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are in
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
volved in muscle contraction. sw sw sw
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle sw sw
ANS: D s
N w
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should th
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
e nurse include?
sw sw
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport sw sw sw sw
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
sw sw sw sw sw sw
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion sw sw sw sw
ANS: A sw
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular catab
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
olism.
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following wil
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
l facilitate his continued muscle performance?
sw sw sw sw sw
a. Electron-transport chain sw
b. Aerobic glycolysis sw
c. Anaerobic glycolysis sw
d. Oxidative phosphorylatio sw
n ANS: C
sw sw
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY
HUETHER-a comprehensive study guide-2022
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSsw sw
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
sw sw sw
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
sw sw sw sw
MULTIPLE CHOIC sw
E
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DN
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
A with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. A single circular chromosome
sw sw sw
b. A nucleus sw
c. Free-floating nuclear material sw sw
d. No organelles sw
ANS: B sw
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryo
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
te contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy
w sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
?
a. Metabolic absorption sw
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D sw
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability in
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
volves maintenance of a s t e a dNy dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secre
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
tion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most o
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
f the genetic information be contained?
sw sw sw sw sw
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm sw
ANS: C sw
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
sw sw sw sw sw sw
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s
associated with cellular respiration while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturin
w sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
g. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
layer itself?
sw sw
a. Peripheral membrane proteins sw sw
b. Integral membrane proteins
sw sw
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
sw sw
, ANS: B sw
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surf
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ace while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
cells and does not float.
sw sw sw sw
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids sw
d. Ligands
ANS: D sw
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in th
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
e extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Decreased fibronectin sw
b. Increased collagen sw
c. Decreased elastin sw
d. Increased glycoproteins sw
ANS: A sw
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing the
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
m to travel or metastasize.
sw sw sw sw
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Cell junction N sw
b. Gap junction sw
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction sw
ANS: A sw
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions all
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associ
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ated with cellular communication.
sw sw sw
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
w sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A sw
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glu
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
cagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical m
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ediator like insulin. sw sw
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. solute.
, b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B sw
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product o
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
f the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
any of the remaining options.
sw sw sw sw sw
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge tha
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
t the problem is result of a deficiency of:
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: C sw
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are in
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
volved in muscle contraction. sw sw sw
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle sw sw
ANS: D s
N w
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should th
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
e nurse include?
sw sw
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport sw sw sw sw
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
sw sw sw sw sw sw
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion sw sw sw sw
ANS: A sw
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular catab
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
olism.
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following wil
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
l facilitate his continued muscle performance?
sw sw sw sw sw
a. Electron-transport chain sw
b. Aerobic glycolysis sw
c. Anaerobic glycolysis sw
d. Oxidative phosphorylatio sw
n ANS: C
sw sw
