Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Third Edition 1
Test Bank: Instructor Version
Chapter 1
What Is Criminology?
True or False
1. As a field of academic study, criminology is relatively new. (p. 7) T
2. Social changes related to alcohol consumption, birth control use, and women’s role in the
workforce coincided with rises in crime rates after the Second World War. (p. 10) T
3. Criminology programs taught in sociology departments have tended to focus on crime as a
form of “deviance.” (p. 8) T
4. The reliability of crime rate data is partially dependent on the willingness of victims to report
incidents. (pp. 14-15) T
5. The prevalence of brain injuries in the prison population is disproportionate to that in the
general population. (p. 17) T
6. Violent predatory acts on strangers are actually very rare events. (p. 17) T
7. Most sex offenders are “specialists” who, upon release, are highly likely to commit further
sexual offences of the same type for which they were imprisoned. (p. 17) F
8. Crime prevention through environmental design approaches the study of crime by examining
the family, school, and peer groups that offenders were raised in. (p. 18) F
9. Criminologists rely on a variety of disciplines and theoretical perspectives to examine crime
and criminals. (p. 19) T
10. The most effective approaches to the study of crime tend to be quantitative in nature. (p. 20)
F
11. Historically, males between the ages of 15 to 29 are just as likely to commit crimes compared
to other age and gender cohorts. (p. 9) F
12. In the 1960s and 1970s, crime could be explained by the change in a variety of social factors
in Canada. (p. 10) T
13. Adopted twins are more likely to commit crimes. (p. 16) F
14. Opium, cocaine, and cannabis were the first three drugs to be banned in Canada. (p. 4) T
15. Deviance and crime can be used interchangeably because criminologists define them exactly
the same. (p. 11) F
Multiple Choice
1. According to the case study at the beginning of Chapter 1 of the textbook, the Canadian
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in 1996: (pp. 4)
(a) was created to combat years of addiction and overdoses.
(b) allowed Canada to align itself with other developed nations in dealing with narcotics.
(c) can be traced back to economic troubles and systemic racism in it’s creation.
Copyright © 2024
,Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Third Edition 2
Test Bank: Instructor Version
(d) is a policy that has effectively combated our drug problem in Canada.
2. According to Chapter 1 of the textbook, What Is Criminology?, the study of crime at
universities in Canada began in: (p. 8)
(a) the mid-18th century, around the same time that Cesare Beccaria was writing his
philosophical treatise on the subject of crime and punishment
(b) the late 19th century, around the same time that Cesare Lombroso was writing about the
“criminal man”
(c) the late 1980s, when a group of police officers and judges gathered to discuss matters that
were of concern in their community
(d) the early 1950s, when the University of British Columbia announced a new program in
criminology
3. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, new Canadian laws were enacted against: (p. 8)
(a) murder, robbery, and incest
(b) vagrancy, drunkenness, and prostitution
(c) the death penalty
(d) trafficking in beaver pelts
4. With respect to the social changes that took place in Canada between the mid-1960s and mid-
1970s, it can be said that: (p. 10)
(a) the crime rate went down by 50 percent
(b) the divorce rate increased fourfold
(c) the population of young men declined by 25 percent
(d) the unemployment rate rose by 30 percent
5. With respect to choice of research methods, it can be said that: (p. 19)
(a) lawyers and sociologists are more likely to use quantitative research methods
(b) police services and economists are more likely to use qualitative research methods
(c) lawyers and sociologists are more likely to use qualitative research methods
(d) sociologists and police officers are more likely to use quantitative research methods
6. According to Chapter 1 of the textbook, What Is Criminology?, research in the past 20 or 30
years has begun to regard criminal conduct as: (p. 17)
(a) a biological trait
(b) the result of an adverse environment
(c) a deep-seated psychological trait (the criminal personality)
(d) a complex mix of both biology and environment
7. Geographic profiling: (p. 18)
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,Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Third Edition 3
Test Bank: Instructor Version
(a) involves using mathematical tools and an understanding of offending patterns to
determine likely residences of offenders
(b) is rarely used by police services in Canada
(c) has been criticized for displacing crime and for failing to address the root causes of, or
motivations for, criminal behaviour
d) may be regarded as a key factor in net widening within certain jurisdictions
8. Critically inclined criminologists: (p. 19)
(a) argue that crime occurs as a consequence of rational choices made by willing actors
(b) focus on the power of the state and its potential for abuse
(c) focus on anomie, social control, and social disorganization
(d) argue that crime is learned through ongoing social interactions
9. Examinations of the vast amount of correlational data regarding crime rates: (p. 15)
(a) indicates that there are universal explanations for increases and decreases in those rates
(b) makes cause-and-effect descriptions and conclusions about crime rates very straightforward
(c) indicates a marked increase in property crime over the past 20 years
(d) demonstrate that crimes involving the Internet and identity have increased
10. People who are convicted of crime are usually: (p. 16)
(a) white, middle-aged males between the ages of 35 to 60
(b) black, middle-aged males between the ages of 35 to 60
(c) young males between the ages of 15 and 34
(d) males and females between the ages of 17 and 30
11. Which statement best describes criminology as a discipline? (p. 12)
(a) criminology is the science of understanding crime through the lens of the law
(b) criminology is the economic study of crime and its costs
(c) criminology is a science based in biology and psychology
(d) criminology is a multi-disciplinary science
12. Crime and deviance are very different concepts, but are often substituted for one another;
crime is a formal breaking of the laws of a society while deviance is: (pp. 8, 11)
(a) behaviour that is not displayed in public
(b) behaviour that violates accepted social norms
(c) behaviour that changes the function of a society
(d) behaviour that is considered acceptable
Copyright © 2024
, Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Third Edition 4
Test Bank: Instructor Version
13. What are the attempts of the drug policies and legislation trying to target during the first part
of the century? (p. 4)
(a) impose tougher penalties on drug abuse
(b) create a government-controlled industry to profit from taxation
(c) focus attention on drug dealers rather than focusing on the end user
(d) responding to the increase in overdose deaths experienced in Canada
14. The police in your community are dealing with a rash of robberies in the downtown area over
the last three months, and they have been researching a new theory to detect the criminal. Which
of the following would most likely be that theory? (p. 18)
(a) geographical profiling
(b) net widening
(c) electronic monitoring
(d) harm reduction
15. Since we started collecting data on crime in the 1960s with the Uniform Crime Reporting
Survey, we can now see beyond just crime trends to issues that are important in understanding
crime. Which of the following would best reflect how else we could use UCR reporting? (pp. 14-
15)
(a) allow us to compare crime from other countries that collect crime data
(b) determine how different jurisdictions collect crime data differently
(c) give us historical reference for crimes in Canada
(d) all of the above
Definition
SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONS: Define or explain each of the following terms. Each response
should consist of three or four sentences or several points (point form or diagrams are
acceptable). Each correct response is worth up to two marks.
1. Criminology (pp. 7–13)
• The scientific study of crime.
• Includes the study of law, the history of law, the criminalization process, crime
prevention, and crime control.
• Tends to be interdisciplinary in nature and may include sociological, psychological,
and biological approaches.
• New approaches include economics, social and spatial geography, forensic
entomology, DNA analysis (biology and chemistry), and crime prevention through
environmental design.
• Includes courses on policing, corrections, penology, and other studies related to the
criminal justice system.
Copyright © 2024
Test Bank: Instructor Version
Chapter 1
What Is Criminology?
True or False
1. As a field of academic study, criminology is relatively new. (p. 7) T
2. Social changes related to alcohol consumption, birth control use, and women’s role in the
workforce coincided with rises in crime rates after the Second World War. (p. 10) T
3. Criminology programs taught in sociology departments have tended to focus on crime as a
form of “deviance.” (p. 8) T
4. The reliability of crime rate data is partially dependent on the willingness of victims to report
incidents. (pp. 14-15) T
5. The prevalence of brain injuries in the prison population is disproportionate to that in the
general population. (p. 17) T
6. Violent predatory acts on strangers are actually very rare events. (p. 17) T
7. Most sex offenders are “specialists” who, upon release, are highly likely to commit further
sexual offences of the same type for which they were imprisoned. (p. 17) F
8. Crime prevention through environmental design approaches the study of crime by examining
the family, school, and peer groups that offenders were raised in. (p. 18) F
9. Criminologists rely on a variety of disciplines and theoretical perspectives to examine crime
and criminals. (p. 19) T
10. The most effective approaches to the study of crime tend to be quantitative in nature. (p. 20)
F
11. Historically, males between the ages of 15 to 29 are just as likely to commit crimes compared
to other age and gender cohorts. (p. 9) F
12. In the 1960s and 1970s, crime could be explained by the change in a variety of social factors
in Canada. (p. 10) T
13. Adopted twins are more likely to commit crimes. (p. 16) F
14. Opium, cocaine, and cannabis were the first three drugs to be banned in Canada. (p. 4) T
15. Deviance and crime can be used interchangeably because criminologists define them exactly
the same. (p. 11) F
Multiple Choice
1. According to the case study at the beginning of Chapter 1 of the textbook, the Canadian
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in 1996: (pp. 4)
(a) was created to combat years of addiction and overdoses.
(b) allowed Canada to align itself with other developed nations in dealing with narcotics.
(c) can be traced back to economic troubles and systemic racism in it’s creation.
Copyright © 2024
,Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Third Edition 2
Test Bank: Instructor Version
(d) is a policy that has effectively combated our drug problem in Canada.
2. According to Chapter 1 of the textbook, What Is Criminology?, the study of crime at
universities in Canada began in: (p. 8)
(a) the mid-18th century, around the same time that Cesare Beccaria was writing his
philosophical treatise on the subject of crime and punishment
(b) the late 19th century, around the same time that Cesare Lombroso was writing about the
“criminal man”
(c) the late 1980s, when a group of police officers and judges gathered to discuss matters that
were of concern in their community
(d) the early 1950s, when the University of British Columbia announced a new program in
criminology
3. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, new Canadian laws were enacted against: (p. 8)
(a) murder, robbery, and incest
(b) vagrancy, drunkenness, and prostitution
(c) the death penalty
(d) trafficking in beaver pelts
4. With respect to the social changes that took place in Canada between the mid-1960s and mid-
1970s, it can be said that: (p. 10)
(a) the crime rate went down by 50 percent
(b) the divorce rate increased fourfold
(c) the population of young men declined by 25 percent
(d) the unemployment rate rose by 30 percent
5. With respect to choice of research methods, it can be said that: (p. 19)
(a) lawyers and sociologists are more likely to use quantitative research methods
(b) police services and economists are more likely to use qualitative research methods
(c) lawyers and sociologists are more likely to use qualitative research methods
(d) sociologists and police officers are more likely to use quantitative research methods
6. According to Chapter 1 of the textbook, What Is Criminology?, research in the past 20 or 30
years has begun to regard criminal conduct as: (p. 17)
(a) a biological trait
(b) the result of an adverse environment
(c) a deep-seated psychological trait (the criminal personality)
(d) a complex mix of both biology and environment
7. Geographic profiling: (p. 18)
Copyright © 2024
,Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Third Edition 3
Test Bank: Instructor Version
(a) involves using mathematical tools and an understanding of offending patterns to
determine likely residences of offenders
(b) is rarely used by police services in Canada
(c) has been criticized for displacing crime and for failing to address the root causes of, or
motivations for, criminal behaviour
d) may be regarded as a key factor in net widening within certain jurisdictions
8. Critically inclined criminologists: (p. 19)
(a) argue that crime occurs as a consequence of rational choices made by willing actors
(b) focus on the power of the state and its potential for abuse
(c) focus on anomie, social control, and social disorganization
(d) argue that crime is learned through ongoing social interactions
9. Examinations of the vast amount of correlational data regarding crime rates: (p. 15)
(a) indicates that there are universal explanations for increases and decreases in those rates
(b) makes cause-and-effect descriptions and conclusions about crime rates very straightforward
(c) indicates a marked increase in property crime over the past 20 years
(d) demonstrate that crimes involving the Internet and identity have increased
10. People who are convicted of crime are usually: (p. 16)
(a) white, middle-aged males between the ages of 35 to 60
(b) black, middle-aged males between the ages of 35 to 60
(c) young males between the ages of 15 and 34
(d) males and females between the ages of 17 and 30
11. Which statement best describes criminology as a discipline? (p. 12)
(a) criminology is the science of understanding crime through the lens of the law
(b) criminology is the economic study of crime and its costs
(c) criminology is a science based in biology and psychology
(d) criminology is a multi-disciplinary science
12. Crime and deviance are very different concepts, but are often substituted for one another;
crime is a formal breaking of the laws of a society while deviance is: (pp. 8, 11)
(a) behaviour that is not displayed in public
(b) behaviour that violates accepted social norms
(c) behaviour that changes the function of a society
(d) behaviour that is considered acceptable
Copyright © 2024
, Understanding Crime in Canada: An Introduction to Criminology, Third Edition 4
Test Bank: Instructor Version
13. What are the attempts of the drug policies and legislation trying to target during the first part
of the century? (p. 4)
(a) impose tougher penalties on drug abuse
(b) create a government-controlled industry to profit from taxation
(c) focus attention on drug dealers rather than focusing on the end user
(d) responding to the increase in overdose deaths experienced in Canada
14. The police in your community are dealing with a rash of robberies in the downtown area over
the last three months, and they have been researching a new theory to detect the criminal. Which
of the following would most likely be that theory? (p. 18)
(a) geographical profiling
(b) net widening
(c) electronic monitoring
(d) harm reduction
15. Since we started collecting data on crime in the 1960s with the Uniform Crime Reporting
Survey, we can now see beyond just crime trends to issues that are important in understanding
crime. Which of the following would best reflect how else we could use UCR reporting? (pp. 14-
15)
(a) allow us to compare crime from other countries that collect crime data
(b) determine how different jurisdictions collect crime data differently
(c) give us historical reference for crimes in Canada
(d) all of the above
Definition
SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONS: Define or explain each of the following terms. Each response
should consist of three or four sentences or several points (point form or diagrams are
acceptable). Each correct response is worth up to two marks.
1. Criminology (pp. 7–13)
• The scientific study of crime.
• Includes the study of law, the history of law, the criminalization process, crime
prevention, and crime control.
• Tends to be interdisciplinary in nature and may include sociological, psychological,
and biological approaches.
• New approaches include economics, social and spatial geography, forensic
entomology, DNA analysis (biology and chemistry), and crime prevention through
environmental design.
• Includes courses on policing, corrections, penology, and other studies related to the
criminal justice system.
Copyright © 2024
