History of international relations
Inhoudsopgave
Introduction.............................................................................4
Why?..............................................................................................4
What?.............................................................................................4
China and East Asia..................................................................7
Introduction: What is China?............................................................7
The ‘warring states period’..............................................................8
The development of the Chinese state..............................................9
The overland system......................................................................12
The tribute system........................................................................12
India and indianization............................................................13
What is India?................................................................................13
Vedic India....................................................................................14
Classical India...............................................................................16
Indianization.................................................................................18
The Mughal Empire........................................................................19
India as an international system.....................................................20
The Muslim Caliphates............................................................21
Introduction..................................................................................21
The Arab expansion.......................................................................22
The Umayyads and the Abbasids....................................................25
The Arabs in Spain.........................................................................26
An international system of caliphates.............................................27
The Ottoman Empire......................................................................28
Why did the Ottoman empire come to and end?......................................................29
The Mongol Khanates..............................................................30
Introduction..................................................................................30
From Temüjin to Genghis Khan.......................................................31
A nomadic state.............................................................................32
How to conquer the world..............................................................35
Dividing it all up............................................................................39
Hülegü and the Ilkhanate.........................................................................................40
Kublai Khan and the Yuan dynasty............................................................................41
An international system of Khanates..............................................42
Africa..................................................................................... 45
Introduction..................................................................................45
, The Nile River Valley......................................................................46
(North Africa)................................................................................47
The kingdoms of West Africa..........................................................48
East Africa and the Indian Ocean....................................................49
An African international system?....................................................50
Coda: “Global slavery”...................................................................50
European Expansion................................................................52
Introduction..................................................................................52
A sea route to India......................................................................54
Europeans in the “New World”.......................................................55
A commercial world economy.........................................................58
An industrial world economy..........................................................60
The apotheosis of colonialism.........................................................62
Belgian Colonialism.................................................................64
introduction..................................................................................64
The Congo Free State (1884-1908)..................................................65
Belgian Congo (1908-1960)............................................................70
Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda + Burundi)................................................74
Global governance in the nineteenth century............................77
The ‘system of sovereign states’; Pre-history..................................77
The Congress of Vienna (1815) and the Concert of Powers; 19 th
century.........................................................................................79
The league of Nations and Its Failure........................................80
Introduction:.................................................................................80
The League of Nations: origins.......................................................82
The League of Nations: organizational form....................................83
The ‘failure’ of the League of Nations.............................................84
Guest lecture:.........................................................................86
Women in IR..................................................................................86
Where are the women in diplomacy?...............................................86
Recovering women diplomacy........................................................86
The genders of diplomatic training.................................................87
The United Nations and decolonization.....................................88
Introduction: The Second World War...............................................88
The establishment of the United Nations........................................90
Human Rights in the U.N. charter...................................................93
What explains the inclusion of Human Rights in the U.N. Charter?...........................93
Decolonization and the Bandung Conference...................................94
,
, Introduction
Why?
Why is it useful for social scientistst to study history?
1. Historical legacies. There are historical legacies that linger in the present.
2. The politics of historical memories. There is a politics of historical
memories. The history mobilizes the present.
3. The contingency of moral ideas and social arrangements. International
relations are not natural. You become aware that the order is not natural.
Things have been otherwise and could be otherwise in the future. e.g.
‘gender equality’ of ‘natural slavery’ (if some of us believed that slavery was
natural then some people were born to be dominated and some to be
submissive; nowadays it’s denaturalized or ‘sovereignty’. If you have
international, you have sovereign states. You can think of entities as
sovereign but in the past, it was normal to think of imperialisms. We foster
within us some kind of political.
4. (Lessons from history) Maybe it’s possible to learn lessons from the history.
You’ll become a better leader because you can avoid mistakes that people
made in the past. This is put in brackets because we’re sceptical of this idea
that you can draw direct lessons from the past.
What?
What do you expect to learn about in this class? What people, events, concepts or
processes do you expect to learn (more) about?
People:
o Saddam Hossein
o Franklin Roosevelt
o Mao Zedong
o Woodrow Wilson
o King Leopold II
o Ashoka
o Marco Polo
Inhoudsopgave
Introduction.............................................................................4
Why?..............................................................................................4
What?.............................................................................................4
China and East Asia..................................................................7
Introduction: What is China?............................................................7
The ‘warring states period’..............................................................8
The development of the Chinese state..............................................9
The overland system......................................................................12
The tribute system........................................................................12
India and indianization............................................................13
What is India?................................................................................13
Vedic India....................................................................................14
Classical India...............................................................................16
Indianization.................................................................................18
The Mughal Empire........................................................................19
India as an international system.....................................................20
The Muslim Caliphates............................................................21
Introduction..................................................................................21
The Arab expansion.......................................................................22
The Umayyads and the Abbasids....................................................25
The Arabs in Spain.........................................................................26
An international system of caliphates.............................................27
The Ottoman Empire......................................................................28
Why did the Ottoman empire come to and end?......................................................29
The Mongol Khanates..............................................................30
Introduction..................................................................................30
From Temüjin to Genghis Khan.......................................................31
A nomadic state.............................................................................32
How to conquer the world..............................................................35
Dividing it all up............................................................................39
Hülegü and the Ilkhanate.........................................................................................40
Kublai Khan and the Yuan dynasty............................................................................41
An international system of Khanates..............................................42
Africa..................................................................................... 45
Introduction..................................................................................45
, The Nile River Valley......................................................................46
(North Africa)................................................................................47
The kingdoms of West Africa..........................................................48
East Africa and the Indian Ocean....................................................49
An African international system?....................................................50
Coda: “Global slavery”...................................................................50
European Expansion................................................................52
Introduction..................................................................................52
A sea route to India......................................................................54
Europeans in the “New World”.......................................................55
A commercial world economy.........................................................58
An industrial world economy..........................................................60
The apotheosis of colonialism.........................................................62
Belgian Colonialism.................................................................64
introduction..................................................................................64
The Congo Free State (1884-1908)..................................................65
Belgian Congo (1908-1960)............................................................70
Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda + Burundi)................................................74
Global governance in the nineteenth century............................77
The ‘system of sovereign states’; Pre-history..................................77
The Congress of Vienna (1815) and the Concert of Powers; 19 th
century.........................................................................................79
The league of Nations and Its Failure........................................80
Introduction:.................................................................................80
The League of Nations: origins.......................................................82
The League of Nations: organizational form....................................83
The ‘failure’ of the League of Nations.............................................84
Guest lecture:.........................................................................86
Women in IR..................................................................................86
Where are the women in diplomacy?...............................................86
Recovering women diplomacy........................................................86
The genders of diplomatic training.................................................87
The United Nations and decolonization.....................................88
Introduction: The Second World War...............................................88
The establishment of the United Nations........................................90
Human Rights in the U.N. charter...................................................93
What explains the inclusion of Human Rights in the U.N. Charter?...........................93
Decolonization and the Bandung Conference...................................94
,
, Introduction
Why?
Why is it useful for social scientistst to study history?
1. Historical legacies. There are historical legacies that linger in the present.
2. The politics of historical memories. There is a politics of historical
memories. The history mobilizes the present.
3. The contingency of moral ideas and social arrangements. International
relations are not natural. You become aware that the order is not natural.
Things have been otherwise and could be otherwise in the future. e.g.
‘gender equality’ of ‘natural slavery’ (if some of us believed that slavery was
natural then some people were born to be dominated and some to be
submissive; nowadays it’s denaturalized or ‘sovereignty’. If you have
international, you have sovereign states. You can think of entities as
sovereign but in the past, it was normal to think of imperialisms. We foster
within us some kind of political.
4. (Lessons from history) Maybe it’s possible to learn lessons from the history.
You’ll become a better leader because you can avoid mistakes that people
made in the past. This is put in brackets because we’re sceptical of this idea
that you can draw direct lessons from the past.
What?
What do you expect to learn about in this class? What people, events, concepts or
processes do you expect to learn (more) about?
People:
o Saddam Hossein
o Franklin Roosevelt
o Mao Zedong
o Woodrow Wilson
o King Leopold II
o Ashoka
o Marco Polo
