HE101 - FINAL EXAM MATERIAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What cis cpharmacology? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cstudy cof cdrug cproperties, cmechanisms cof caction, cinteractions, cclasses cof
cdrugs, cand ctherapeutic cuse
What ctypes cof cscientific cfields cdoes cpharmacology chave cprinciples cfor? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Community cpharmacy, cclinical
cpharmacology, cand cresearch
What cis cthe cdefinition cof cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Chemical csubstances cthat chave cpotential cto calter cstructure cand
cfunction cof cour cbodies
What cis cpharmacodynamics? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Where cand chow ca cdrug cacts con cthe cbody cand ctherapeutic cside ceffects
cof cdrugs
What cis cpharmacokinetics? cWhat care cthe cfour caspects? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cmovement cof cdrug cinto, cthrough, cand cout
cof cthe cbody.
Absorption c- cwhat cis cthe croot cof cadministration?
Distribution c- chow cdoes cit ctravel cthrough cthe cbody?
Metabolism c- chow cis cit cbroken cdown?
Elimination c- chow cdoes cit cleave cthe cbody?
What care cthe csix ccategories cof cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. cprescription cdrugs
2. crecreational cdrugs
3. cover-the-counter cdrugs
4. cherbal cpreparations
5. cillicit cdrugs
6. ccommercial cdrugs
What cis cthe croute cthat cdrugs ctake cinside cthe cbody? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. cdrug cintroduced cinto cbody c- cabsorbed cinto
cbody cfluids cand cdistributed cto cbody ctissue
2. cdrug cbinds cto creceptors c- cenzymes cwithin ccells
3. cdrug caction c- creceptor cis cturned con cor coff
4. cdrug cis cmetabolized cin cliver c- cprepared cfor cexcretion
5. cdrug celiminated cfrom cbody c- ckidneys, clungs, cskin
What cis cagonist cand cwhat cis cantagonist? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Agonist: cturned con
Antagonist: cturned coff
What cis chalf-life? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The crates cit ctakes cdifferent cdrugs cto cbe cbroken cdown
What cdo cdrugs cdo? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- caffect crate cof cexisting cbiological cfunction
- csome cdrugs chelp cto crepair cdamage
- csome cdrugs care chormones
Are cdrugs creversible cor cirreversible? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Reversible cby ca cdifferent cdrug
What cis cnaloxone? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cdrug cthat creverses cthe ceffects cof cheroin
What cis cdrug caction caffected cby? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Quantity cof cdrug cand cdegree cof cattraction c(affinity)
What cis cpotency cand cwhat cis cefficacy? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔P: camount cof cdrug cneeded cto cproduce ceffect
E: cmaximum ctherapeutic ceffect
Explain cthe coral cingestion croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cmost ccommon c
- ctablets, ccapsules, cliquids
- crelatively cslow cbecause cit cmust cbe cprocessed cby cGI csystem
, often ccoated cto cprotect cagainst cstomach cacids
- cthe camount cyou're cgetting cis cless cthan cthe camount cyou're cingesting
- cbroken cdown cby cgastric cjuices, cabsorbed, csent cto cthe cliver, cgoes cto cthe cheart cand cbrain
- csafe cform cof cthe cdrug
Explain cthe cintravenous croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cvia ccatheter cdirectly cinto cvein
- cmost crapid croute cbecause cit cgoes cdirectly cinto cthe cbloodstream
- ctoo cmuch ccan cbe cfatal
Explain cthe cinjection croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cintramuscular c(IM) c- cinto cmuscle ctissue c(buttocks, cupper
cthigh, cupper carm) cand ctakes c3-5 cminutes cto cget cto cthe cbrain
- csubcutaneous c(SC) c- cinto cfat cdirectly cbelow cskin c(abdominal, cupper carm), cmore clocalized cpain, cslower cbecause cit cdoesn't
chave cthe csame camount cof cblood cflow
Explain cthe cinhalation croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cmouth/noise cinto clungs
- cvaporizer, cmask, cnasal csprays, csmoking
- crapid cabsorptions cvia calveoli
- cinhalation cskips cthe cright cside cof cthe cheart
- cdoesn't clast cas clong cas cintravenous
- cthere's ca climit cthat ccan cbe cabsorbed cby calveoli
- creaches cthe cbrain cin c7-10 cseconds
Explain cthe ctopical croute cof cadministration. cWhat care cthe cdifferent ctypes? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- capplied cdirectly cto cbody
csurfaces
- chigh cdoses cin clocal carea, cbypass cdigestion
- cpercutaneous c- cthrough cthe cskin, cslow, cconsistent crelease cof cdrug cto csystematic ccirculation
- csublingual c- cunder cthe ctongue, crapid cabsorption
- csuppositories c- crectal cor cvaginal, cmay cact clocally cor csystematically, crapid cabsorption
- ccreams, cgels, cdrops c- cskin, cmucous cmembranes, cact clocally
What cdo csynergism, cantagonism, cand cinhibition cmean? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔S: ceffects cof ctwo cor cmore cdrugs cexceed
cindividual ccontributions
A: caction cof cone cdrug cblocks cthe caction cof canother cat creceptor csite
I: ceffects cof cone cdrug creduces cthe ceffect cof cthe cother c(ex. calcohol creduces cthe ceffectiveness cof cbirth ccontrol)
What cdo cintolerance cand ccross-tolerance cmean? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔I: cadverse creaction cfrom cdrug ccombination
CT: cdevelop ctolerance cto ca csimilar cdrug
What cdoes cAntabuse cdo? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Blocks can cenzyme cin calcohol cso cit chelps ctreat calcoholism cbecause cit
ccauses cbad csymptoms
Can cthere cbe ca cproblem cbetween cfood cand cdrug cinteractions? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Yes. cIt ccan ccause cbad creactions cto
coccur
What cis ca cdrug cclass? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgroup cof cmedication cbased con cchemical cstructure, ctype cof caction, cand cthe
ccondition cthey care cused cto ctreat
What care cprescription cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Drugs cthat crequire cwritten corder cfrom clicensed cmedical cpractitioners,
csuch cas cMDs, cNPs, cdentist, csome callied chealth cprofessionals
What care csome cexamples cof cthe cmore ccommon ctypes cof cprescription cdrugs? cExplain cwhat cthey cdo. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔1. cantibiotics c- ctreat cinfections ccaused cby cbacteria
2. cantidepressants c- ctreat csymptoms cof cdepression cby cinhibiting cthe crelease cof ccertain cneurotransmitters cin cthe cbrain
3. canalgesics c- cprovide cpain crelief c- copioids cor cnarcotics c(only ctake cwhen cnecessary)
4. csedatives cand ctranquillizers c- cCNS cdepressants c- csleep caids, canxiety crelief, cpsychiatric cillness
5. camphetamines c- cCNS cstimulants c- ctreat cnarcolepsy cand cADHD
What care csome cexamples cof cthe cless ccommon ctypes cof cprescription cdrugs? cExplain cwhat cthey cdo. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1.
cantihypertensives c- cused cto ctreat celevated cBP
2. cstatins c- cused cto ctreat celevated ccholesterol
3. cantineoplastics c- cinhibit cgrowth cof ccancer ccells
4. cantiemetics c- cused cto ctreat cnausea cand cvomiting
5. ccorticosteroids c- cused cto ctreat cinflammation
What care cgeneric cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Copy cof cbrand cname cdrugs. cThey care csold cunder cgeneric cnames, cthey
chave cthe csame cactive cingredients cas coriginal cbrand-name cdrugs, cthere cmay cbe cdifferences cin cnon-active cingredients, cand
cthey care cless cexpensive
What care cover cthe ccounter cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Nonprescription cdrugs cthat care cself cprescribed cand cself-diagnosed.
cThey care csubjects cto cmisuse cand cabuse, crisk cof cdependency, ctolerance, cand caddiction, cand cthey ccan chave cadverse
creactions
What care csome cexamples cof cover cthe ccounter cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. canalgesics c- cprovide cpain crelief
2. ccold, ccough, callergy, casthma c- csymptom crelief c(antihistamines c- ccongestion, cexpectorants c- cloosen cphlegm, cantitussives c-
ccalm ccough creflex, cdecongestants c- ccongestion)
What cis cpharmacology? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cstudy cof cdrug cproperties, cmechanisms cof caction, cinteractions, cclasses cof
cdrugs, cand ctherapeutic cuse
What ctypes cof cscientific cfields cdoes cpharmacology chave cprinciples cfor? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Community cpharmacy, cclinical
cpharmacology, cand cresearch
What cis cthe cdefinition cof cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Chemical csubstances cthat chave cpotential cto calter cstructure cand
cfunction cof cour cbodies
What cis cpharmacodynamics? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Where cand chow ca cdrug cacts con cthe cbody cand ctherapeutic cside ceffects
cof cdrugs
What cis cpharmacokinetics? cWhat care cthe cfour caspects? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cmovement cof cdrug cinto, cthrough, cand cout
cof cthe cbody.
Absorption c- cwhat cis cthe croot cof cadministration?
Distribution c- chow cdoes cit ctravel cthrough cthe cbody?
Metabolism c- chow cis cit cbroken cdown?
Elimination c- chow cdoes cit cleave cthe cbody?
What care cthe csix ccategories cof cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. cprescription cdrugs
2. crecreational cdrugs
3. cover-the-counter cdrugs
4. cherbal cpreparations
5. cillicit cdrugs
6. ccommercial cdrugs
What cis cthe croute cthat cdrugs ctake cinside cthe cbody? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. cdrug cintroduced cinto cbody c- cabsorbed cinto
cbody cfluids cand cdistributed cto cbody ctissue
2. cdrug cbinds cto creceptors c- cenzymes cwithin ccells
3. cdrug caction c- creceptor cis cturned con cor coff
4. cdrug cis cmetabolized cin cliver c- cprepared cfor cexcretion
5. cdrug celiminated cfrom cbody c- ckidneys, clungs, cskin
What cis cagonist cand cwhat cis cantagonist? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Agonist: cturned con
Antagonist: cturned coff
What cis chalf-life? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The crates cit ctakes cdifferent cdrugs cto cbe cbroken cdown
What cdo cdrugs cdo? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- caffect crate cof cexisting cbiological cfunction
- csome cdrugs chelp cto crepair cdamage
- csome cdrugs care chormones
Are cdrugs creversible cor cirreversible? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Reversible cby ca cdifferent cdrug
What cis cnaloxone? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cdrug cthat creverses cthe ceffects cof cheroin
What cis cdrug caction caffected cby? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Quantity cof cdrug cand cdegree cof cattraction c(affinity)
What cis cpotency cand cwhat cis cefficacy? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔P: camount cof cdrug cneeded cto cproduce ceffect
E: cmaximum ctherapeutic ceffect
Explain cthe coral cingestion croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cmost ccommon c
- ctablets, ccapsules, cliquids
- crelatively cslow cbecause cit cmust cbe cprocessed cby cGI csystem
, often ccoated cto cprotect cagainst cstomach cacids
- cthe camount cyou're cgetting cis cless cthan cthe camount cyou're cingesting
- cbroken cdown cby cgastric cjuices, cabsorbed, csent cto cthe cliver, cgoes cto cthe cheart cand cbrain
- csafe cform cof cthe cdrug
Explain cthe cintravenous croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cvia ccatheter cdirectly cinto cvein
- cmost crapid croute cbecause cit cgoes cdirectly cinto cthe cbloodstream
- ctoo cmuch ccan cbe cfatal
Explain cthe cinjection croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cintramuscular c(IM) c- cinto cmuscle ctissue c(buttocks, cupper
cthigh, cupper carm) cand ctakes c3-5 cminutes cto cget cto cthe cbrain
- csubcutaneous c(SC) c- cinto cfat cdirectly cbelow cskin c(abdominal, cupper carm), cmore clocalized cpain, cslower cbecause cit cdoesn't
chave cthe csame camount cof cblood cflow
Explain cthe cinhalation croute cof cadministration. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- cmouth/noise cinto clungs
- cvaporizer, cmask, cnasal csprays, csmoking
- crapid cabsorptions cvia calveoli
- cinhalation cskips cthe cright cside cof cthe cheart
- cdoesn't clast cas clong cas cintravenous
- cthere's ca climit cthat ccan cbe cabsorbed cby calveoli
- creaches cthe cbrain cin c7-10 cseconds
Explain cthe ctopical croute cof cadministration. cWhat care cthe cdifferent ctypes? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔- capplied cdirectly cto cbody
csurfaces
- chigh cdoses cin clocal carea, cbypass cdigestion
- cpercutaneous c- cthrough cthe cskin, cslow, cconsistent crelease cof cdrug cto csystematic ccirculation
- csublingual c- cunder cthe ctongue, crapid cabsorption
- csuppositories c- crectal cor cvaginal, cmay cact clocally cor csystematically, crapid cabsorption
- ccreams, cgels, cdrops c- cskin, cmucous cmembranes, cact clocally
What cdo csynergism, cantagonism, cand cinhibition cmean? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔S: ceffects cof ctwo cor cmore cdrugs cexceed
cindividual ccontributions
A: caction cof cone cdrug cblocks cthe caction cof canother cat creceptor csite
I: ceffects cof cone cdrug creduces cthe ceffect cof cthe cother c(ex. calcohol creduces cthe ceffectiveness cof cbirth ccontrol)
What cdo cintolerance cand ccross-tolerance cmean? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔I: cadverse creaction cfrom cdrug ccombination
CT: cdevelop ctolerance cto ca csimilar cdrug
What cdoes cAntabuse cdo? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Blocks can cenzyme cin calcohol cso cit chelps ctreat calcoholism cbecause cit
ccauses cbad csymptoms
Can cthere cbe ca cproblem cbetween cfood cand cdrug cinteractions? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Yes. cIt ccan ccause cbad creactions cto
coccur
What cis ca cdrug cclass? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgroup cof cmedication cbased con cchemical cstructure, ctype cof caction, cand cthe
ccondition cthey care cused cto ctreat
What care cprescription cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Drugs cthat crequire cwritten corder cfrom clicensed cmedical cpractitioners,
csuch cas cMDs, cNPs, cdentist, csome callied chealth cprofessionals
What care csome cexamples cof cthe cmore ccommon ctypes cof cprescription cdrugs? cExplain cwhat cthey cdo. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔1. cantibiotics c- ctreat cinfections ccaused cby cbacteria
2. cantidepressants c- ctreat csymptoms cof cdepression cby cinhibiting cthe crelease cof ccertain cneurotransmitters cin cthe cbrain
3. canalgesics c- cprovide cpain crelief c- copioids cor cnarcotics c(only ctake cwhen cnecessary)
4. csedatives cand ctranquillizers c- cCNS cdepressants c- csleep caids, canxiety crelief, cpsychiatric cillness
5. camphetamines c- cCNS cstimulants c- ctreat cnarcolepsy cand cADHD
What care csome cexamples cof cthe cless ccommon ctypes cof cprescription cdrugs? cExplain cwhat cthey cdo. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1.
cantihypertensives c- cused cto ctreat celevated cBP
2. cstatins c- cused cto ctreat celevated ccholesterol
3. cantineoplastics c- cinhibit cgrowth cof ccancer ccells
4. cantiemetics c- cused cto ctreat cnausea cand cvomiting
5. ccorticosteroids c- cused cto ctreat cinflammation
What care cgeneric cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Copy cof cbrand cname cdrugs. cThey care csold cunder cgeneric cnames, cthey
chave cthe csame cactive cingredients cas coriginal cbrand-name cdrugs, cthere cmay cbe cdifferences cin cnon-active cingredients, cand
cthey care cless cexpensive
What care cover cthe ccounter cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Nonprescription cdrugs cthat care cself cprescribed cand cself-diagnosed.
cThey care csubjects cto cmisuse cand cabuse, crisk cof cdependency, ctolerance, cand caddiction, cand cthey ccan chave cadverse
creactions
What care csome cexamples cof cover cthe ccounter cdrugs? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. canalgesics c- cprovide cpain crelief
2. ccold, ccough, callergy, casthma c- csymptom crelief c(antihistamines c- ccongestion, cexpectorants c- cloosen cphlegm, cantitussives c-
ccalm ccough creflex, cdecongestants c- ccongestion)
