NUTRITION 313 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
List the disciplines related to nutrition - ANSWER--chemistry (double bonds in
unsaturated fatty acids)
-biology (cytoplasm is where glycolysis occurs)
-physiology (fuel utilization)
-psychology (appetite, eating disorders, etc.)
Carbohydrates (Macronutrient) - ANSWER-any of a large group of organic
compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch,
and cellulose. 4 KCAL/gm.
-Yields energy
Lipids (macronutrient) - ANSWER-any of a class of organic compounds that are
fatty acids or their derivative and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents. Include many natural oils, waxes and steroids. 9 KCAL/gm
-Yields energ. Forms energy storage in the body.
Essential fats vs. Non-essential fats - ANSWER-essential fats: need to be
consumed
non-essential: don't need to consume; body will make them!
Macronutrient vs. Micronutrient - ANSWER-Macro: consumed in large amounts
Micro: small amounts
,Proteins (macronutrient) - ANSWER-the main structural material in the body;
they constitute a major part of bone and muscle; they are also important
components in blood, body cells, enzymes, and immune factors; formed when
amino acids bond together; comes from animal and plant sources 4 KCAL/gm
Yields energy. They also provide calories.
Vitamins (micronutrient) - ANSWER-are essential organic substances needed in
small amounts (usually measured in Mg), vitamins are considered
micronutrients, yield no energy but play a role in energy-yielding reactions and
enable chemical body processes. Two groups (water soluble/fat soluble)
Vitamins contain no usable calories.
Minerals (micronutrient) - ANSWER-structurally simple, inorganic substances
which do not contain carbon atoms; critical players in nervous system
functioning, water balance, structural (e.g., skeletal) systems, and many other
cellular processes, but produce no calories as such for the body; divided into
two groups of major and trace minerals.
Also produce no usable calories.
Water - ANSWER-H2O. The human body contains 60% of h20. Acts as a solvent
and lubricant.
Food Group Classifications (input) - ANSWER-Grain
Vegetable
Fruits
, Dairy
Meat
Oil/Added Sugar
Grain - ANSWER-classified by how whole or how refined (things are taken out if
it is refined)
-whole is better b/c nothing is taken out
- bread, oats (B vitamins, protein, minerals, Energy) whole over refined
Vegetable - ANSWER-classified by color
-dark vs. light
-darker color is healthier
-carrots (vitamins, fiber, minerals) dark variety
Fruits - ANSWER--juice or whole
-apples (vitamins, fiber, minerals) whole over juice
Dairy - ANSWER--classified by amount of fat level (reduced, skim, whole, etc) &
also whether its from plant sources
-milk ( minerals, protein, vitamins) low/non-fat over whole
Protein - ANSWER--meat, nuts & legumes
-plant & animal sources
-classified by amount of fat (lean, full fat, etc)
List the disciplines related to nutrition - ANSWER--chemistry (double bonds in
unsaturated fatty acids)
-biology (cytoplasm is where glycolysis occurs)
-physiology (fuel utilization)
-psychology (appetite, eating disorders, etc.)
Carbohydrates (Macronutrient) - ANSWER-any of a large group of organic
compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch,
and cellulose. 4 KCAL/gm.
-Yields energy
Lipids (macronutrient) - ANSWER-any of a class of organic compounds that are
fatty acids or their derivative and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents. Include many natural oils, waxes and steroids. 9 KCAL/gm
-Yields energ. Forms energy storage in the body.
Essential fats vs. Non-essential fats - ANSWER-essential fats: need to be
consumed
non-essential: don't need to consume; body will make them!
Macronutrient vs. Micronutrient - ANSWER-Macro: consumed in large amounts
Micro: small amounts
,Proteins (macronutrient) - ANSWER-the main structural material in the body;
they constitute a major part of bone and muscle; they are also important
components in blood, body cells, enzymes, and immune factors; formed when
amino acids bond together; comes from animal and plant sources 4 KCAL/gm
Yields energy. They also provide calories.
Vitamins (micronutrient) - ANSWER-are essential organic substances needed in
small amounts (usually measured in Mg), vitamins are considered
micronutrients, yield no energy but play a role in energy-yielding reactions and
enable chemical body processes. Two groups (water soluble/fat soluble)
Vitamins contain no usable calories.
Minerals (micronutrient) - ANSWER-structurally simple, inorganic substances
which do not contain carbon atoms; critical players in nervous system
functioning, water balance, structural (e.g., skeletal) systems, and many other
cellular processes, but produce no calories as such for the body; divided into
two groups of major and trace minerals.
Also produce no usable calories.
Water - ANSWER-H2O. The human body contains 60% of h20. Acts as a solvent
and lubricant.
Food Group Classifications (input) - ANSWER-Grain
Vegetable
Fruits
, Dairy
Meat
Oil/Added Sugar
Grain - ANSWER-classified by how whole or how refined (things are taken out if
it is refined)
-whole is better b/c nothing is taken out
- bread, oats (B vitamins, protein, minerals, Energy) whole over refined
Vegetable - ANSWER-classified by color
-dark vs. light
-darker color is healthier
-carrots (vitamins, fiber, minerals) dark variety
Fruits - ANSWER--juice or whole
-apples (vitamins, fiber, minerals) whole over juice
Dairy - ANSWER--classified by amount of fat level (reduced, skim, whole, etc) &
also whether its from plant sources
-milk ( minerals, protein, vitamins) low/non-fat over whole
Protein - ANSWER--meat, nuts & legumes
-plant & animal sources
-classified by amount of fat (lean, full fat, etc)
