NURS 370 Final Exam – Questions With Clear
Solutions
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Terms in this set (209)
What is stroke volume? The volume that leaves the left ventricle per pump.
Stroke volume is an important SV is an important indicator of how efficiently the
indicator of _______ heart can meet the body's demands for adequate
perfusion.
When HR increases, Stroke volume When heart rate increases, stroke volume tends to
(SV) ________ DECREASE due to the ventricles pumping faster than
they can fill
Vice versa: A decreased heart rate allows for the
ventricles to fill up more leading to an increased
stroke volume
S/S of Decreased Stroke Volume Dizziness/Lightheaded
Cool
Pale
Poor/delayed cap refill
Fill in the blanks: CO = ____ x _____ CO = HR x SV
What are the 3 components of SV Preload
Afterload
Contractility
,Define Preload How much blood we have to eject
Th stretch of the ventricles
What conditions increase preload Hypervolemia
Heart failure
Regurgitation of cardiac valves
Define afterload How much force needed to get blood out of the
ventricles and in the vessels.
Conditions that increase afterload HTN
Vasoconstriction
Conditions that decrease afterload Hypotension
Vasodilation
Define contractility Strength of the heart pumping muscle.
What conditions impact heart Heart failure
contractility electrolyte disturbances
What drug has an effect on one or Cardiac meds can affect one or more of the
more of the stroke volume components: preload, afterload, contractility
components
SA node conducts at what speed 60-100 bpm
Describe the conduction pathway of SA
the heart AV
Bundle of HIS
Purkinje Fibers
T or F: If the SA node fails, the AV True
node takes over, and so on
The AV node conducts at what speed 40-60 bpm
,The purkinje fibers conducts at what 20-40 bpm
speed
Define Bundle Branch Block If nodes are destroyed then it relies on cell to cell
conduction which is slow conduction (Slow transition
of messages to contract)
Explain a cardiac monitor (Telemetry) All of the cardiac monitoring goes through this
computer/screen and is hooked up 24/7 and is
monitored by healthcare providers
Diff from 12 lead ECG
Explain 12 Lead ECG A quick snapshot of the heart at that moment - done
when a patient is having some chest pain or when
there are S/S of an arrhythmia
Often isn't 12 leads, but 12 views of the heart
Which lead gives the best view Lead 2
Where to place ECG stickers Place the stickies between the bone, not on the
bone, and to have the patient as still as possible so it
doesn't pick up any extra movement from them
(otherwise sensor can't pick up the cardiac activity)
Explain a holter monitor If a patient has signs and symptoms of an arrhythmia
(possible complaint of palpitations), usually have it
on for 48-72 hours to have a better cardiac view over
those hours, not monitored at the time they are doing
it, instead it is downloaded onto a computer and they
go over it and check for any signs of arrhythmias or
cardiac issues
, Explain event recorder Portable device that can be held over the chest
region. You keep it with you and anytime you feel
symptomatic, you can record what is going on for the
healthcare provider to check it out
Commonly used if you have the holter monitor for
the whole time and aren't symptomatic but then
afterwards when you give it back you get
symptomatic again
What does the P wave represent Atrial depolarization (contraction)
What does the QRS complex Ventricular depolarization (contraction)
represent. How long should it last?
QRS looks like an upside down V for ventricles
0.04- 0.12 sec (1-3 boxes)
What does the T wave represent Ventricular repolarization (relaxation)
Where is atrial repolarization seen Hidden by QRS, never really seen but its there
Each small box on the ECG grid strip 0.04 seconds
equals ...
Each big box on the ECG strip is equal 0.20 seconds
to ...
What signifies 6 seconds on the ECG the 3 tick marks along the top of the ECG strip
strip
What is the PR interval? How long Atrial contraction → 0.12-0.20 sec (3-5 boxes)
should it last?
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (209)
What is stroke volume? The volume that leaves the left ventricle per pump.
Stroke volume is an important SV is an important indicator of how efficiently the
indicator of _______ heart can meet the body's demands for adequate
perfusion.
When HR increases, Stroke volume When heart rate increases, stroke volume tends to
(SV) ________ DECREASE due to the ventricles pumping faster than
they can fill
Vice versa: A decreased heart rate allows for the
ventricles to fill up more leading to an increased
stroke volume
S/S of Decreased Stroke Volume Dizziness/Lightheaded
Cool
Pale
Poor/delayed cap refill
Fill in the blanks: CO = ____ x _____ CO = HR x SV
What are the 3 components of SV Preload
Afterload
Contractility
,Define Preload How much blood we have to eject
Th stretch of the ventricles
What conditions increase preload Hypervolemia
Heart failure
Regurgitation of cardiac valves
Define afterload How much force needed to get blood out of the
ventricles and in the vessels.
Conditions that increase afterload HTN
Vasoconstriction
Conditions that decrease afterload Hypotension
Vasodilation
Define contractility Strength of the heart pumping muscle.
What conditions impact heart Heart failure
contractility electrolyte disturbances
What drug has an effect on one or Cardiac meds can affect one or more of the
more of the stroke volume components: preload, afterload, contractility
components
SA node conducts at what speed 60-100 bpm
Describe the conduction pathway of SA
the heart AV
Bundle of HIS
Purkinje Fibers
T or F: If the SA node fails, the AV True
node takes over, and so on
The AV node conducts at what speed 40-60 bpm
,The purkinje fibers conducts at what 20-40 bpm
speed
Define Bundle Branch Block If nodes are destroyed then it relies on cell to cell
conduction which is slow conduction (Slow transition
of messages to contract)
Explain a cardiac monitor (Telemetry) All of the cardiac monitoring goes through this
computer/screen and is hooked up 24/7 and is
monitored by healthcare providers
Diff from 12 lead ECG
Explain 12 Lead ECG A quick snapshot of the heart at that moment - done
when a patient is having some chest pain or when
there are S/S of an arrhythmia
Often isn't 12 leads, but 12 views of the heart
Which lead gives the best view Lead 2
Where to place ECG stickers Place the stickies between the bone, not on the
bone, and to have the patient as still as possible so it
doesn't pick up any extra movement from them
(otherwise sensor can't pick up the cardiac activity)
Explain a holter monitor If a patient has signs and symptoms of an arrhythmia
(possible complaint of palpitations), usually have it
on for 48-72 hours to have a better cardiac view over
those hours, not monitored at the time they are doing
it, instead it is downloaded onto a computer and they
go over it and check for any signs of arrhythmias or
cardiac issues
, Explain event recorder Portable device that can be held over the chest
region. You keep it with you and anytime you feel
symptomatic, you can record what is going on for the
healthcare provider to check it out
Commonly used if you have the holter monitor for
the whole time and aren't symptomatic but then
afterwards when you give it back you get
symptomatic again
What does the P wave represent Atrial depolarization (contraction)
What does the QRS complex Ventricular depolarization (contraction)
represent. How long should it last?
QRS looks like an upside down V for ventricles
0.04- 0.12 sec (1-3 boxes)
What does the T wave represent Ventricular repolarization (relaxation)
Where is atrial repolarization seen Hidden by QRS, never really seen but its there
Each small box on the ECG grid strip 0.04 seconds
equals ...
Each big box on the ECG strip is equal 0.20 seconds
to ...
What signifies 6 seconds on the ECG the 3 tick marks along the top of the ECG strip
strip
What is the PR interval? How long Atrial contraction → 0.12-0.20 sec (3-5 boxes)
should it last?
