Ocean County College Nurse 273
Med/Surg
Tidal volume VT or TV - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air inhaled and
exhaled with each breath 500 mL or 5-10 mL/kg
The tidal volume may not vary, even with severe disease.
Inspiratory reserve volumereserve volume IRV - CORRECT ANSWER-The
maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation
3,000 mL
Expiratory reserve volume ERV - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum volume of
air that can be exhaled forcibly after a normal exhalation
1,100 mL
Expiratory reserve volume is decreased with restrictive conditions, such as
obesity, ascites, pregnancy.
Residual volume RV - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air remaining in the
lungs after a maximum exhalation
1,200 mL
Residual volume may be increased with obstructive disease.
Vital capacity VC - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum volume of air exhaled from
the point of maximum inspiration: VC = TV + IRV + ERV
4,600 mL
A decrease in vital capacity may be found in neuromuscular disease, generalized
fatigue, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, COPD, and obesity.
Inspiratory capacity IC - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum volume of air inhaled
after normal expiration: IC = TV + IRV
3,500 mL
A decrease in inspiratory capacity may indicate restrictive disease. It may also be
decreased in obesity.
Functional residual capacity FRC - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air
remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration: FRC = ERV + RV
2,300 mL
Functional residual capacity may be increased with COPD and decreased in
ARDS and obesity.
Total lung capacity TLC - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air in the lungs after
a maximum inspiration TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
5,800 mL
, Total lung capacity may be decreased with restrictive disease such as atelectasis
and pneumonia and increased in COPD.
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Normal levels—PaO2
> 70 mm Hg
2. Relatively safe levels—PaO2 45-70 mm Hg
3. Dangerous levels—PaO2 < 40 mm Hg
Respiratory Disease Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER-Smoking (the single most
important contributor to lung disease)
• Exposure to secondhand smoke
• Personal or family history of lung disease
• Genetic makeup
• Exposure to allergens and environmental pollutants
• Exposure to certain recreational and occupational hazards
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Obesity
• Excessive exposure to acetaminophen prenatally and in the first 2 years of life
apnea - CORRECT ANSWER-temporary cessation of breathing
bronchophony - CORRECT ANSWER-abnormal increase in clarity of transmitted
voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs
bronchoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER-direct examination of the larynx, trachea,
and bronchi using an endoscope
compliance - CORRECT ANSWER-measure of the force required to expand or
inflate the lungs
crackles - CORRECT ANSWER-soft, high-pitched, discontinuous popping sounds
during inspiration caused by delayed reopening of the airways
whispered pectoriloquy - CORRECT ANSWER-whispered sounds heard loudly
and clearly upon thoracic auscultation
egophony - CORRECT ANSWER-abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard
when auscultating the lungs
fremitus - CORRECT ANSWER-vibrations of speech felt as tremors of the chest
wall during palpation
hemoptysis - CORRECT ANSWER-expectoration of blood from the respiratory
tract
Med/Surg
Tidal volume VT or TV - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air inhaled and
exhaled with each breath 500 mL or 5-10 mL/kg
The tidal volume may not vary, even with severe disease.
Inspiratory reserve volumereserve volume IRV - CORRECT ANSWER-The
maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation
3,000 mL
Expiratory reserve volume ERV - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum volume of
air that can be exhaled forcibly after a normal exhalation
1,100 mL
Expiratory reserve volume is decreased with restrictive conditions, such as
obesity, ascites, pregnancy.
Residual volume RV - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air remaining in the
lungs after a maximum exhalation
1,200 mL
Residual volume may be increased with obstructive disease.
Vital capacity VC - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum volume of air exhaled from
the point of maximum inspiration: VC = TV + IRV + ERV
4,600 mL
A decrease in vital capacity may be found in neuromuscular disease, generalized
fatigue, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, COPD, and obesity.
Inspiratory capacity IC - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum volume of air inhaled
after normal expiration: IC = TV + IRV
3,500 mL
A decrease in inspiratory capacity may indicate restrictive disease. It may also be
decreased in obesity.
Functional residual capacity FRC - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air
remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration: FRC = ERV + RV
2,300 mL
Functional residual capacity may be increased with COPD and decreased in
ARDS and obesity.
Total lung capacity TLC - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of air in the lungs after
a maximum inspiration TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
5,800 mL
, Total lung capacity may be decreased with restrictive disease such as atelectasis
and pneumonia and increased in COPD.
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Normal levels—PaO2
> 70 mm Hg
2. Relatively safe levels—PaO2 45-70 mm Hg
3. Dangerous levels—PaO2 < 40 mm Hg
Respiratory Disease Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER-Smoking (the single most
important contributor to lung disease)
• Exposure to secondhand smoke
• Personal or family history of lung disease
• Genetic makeup
• Exposure to allergens and environmental pollutants
• Exposure to certain recreational and occupational hazards
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Obesity
• Excessive exposure to acetaminophen prenatally and in the first 2 years of life
apnea - CORRECT ANSWER-temporary cessation of breathing
bronchophony - CORRECT ANSWER-abnormal increase in clarity of transmitted
voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs
bronchoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER-direct examination of the larynx, trachea,
and bronchi using an endoscope
compliance - CORRECT ANSWER-measure of the force required to expand or
inflate the lungs
crackles - CORRECT ANSWER-soft, high-pitched, discontinuous popping sounds
during inspiration caused by delayed reopening of the airways
whispered pectoriloquy - CORRECT ANSWER-whispered sounds heard loudly
and clearly upon thoracic auscultation
egophony - CORRECT ANSWER-abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard
when auscultating the lungs
fremitus - CORRECT ANSWER-vibrations of speech felt as tremors of the chest
wall during palpation
hemoptysis - CORRECT ANSWER-expectoration of blood from the respiratory
tract
