,Chapter 01: Nursing Today
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Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 12th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m[
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
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a. Florence Nightingale m[
b. Mary Nutting m[
c. Clara Barton m[
d. Lillian Wald m[
ANS: A m[
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connecte
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wal
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Ma
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ry Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton f
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
oundedthe American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
m
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) m[
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance m [ m[ m[ m[
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standar
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d ofnursing practice is the nurse following?
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a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C m[
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives
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to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensi
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ve data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nu
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
rse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementat
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ion, theregistered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Understand (comprehension) m[
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Plannin m[
g MSC: Management of Care
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3. An experienced medical-
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surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level ofproficiency is the nur
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
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se upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
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a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner m[
ANS: A m[
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previo
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
us level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
clinicalsituation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse u
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
nderstands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgic
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
al, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able t
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
o anticipate nursing care and establish long-
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range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advan
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able t
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
o identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Evaluatio m[
n MSC: Management of Care
m
[ m [ m[ m[
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fl
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
uids.The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurs
m
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e demonstrating?
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a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B m[
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of in
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
dependent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
RN, the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing pra
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ctice. Accountabilitymeans that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the ty
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
pe and quality of nursingcare provided.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Implementatio m[
n MSC: Management of Care
m
[ m [ m[ m[
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the
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nurseimplementing? m
[
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B m[
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress i
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
n learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and pr
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ovide assistance in asserting these rights ifthe need arises. As a caregiver, you help patien
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ts maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level f
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
unction and independence through the healing process.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Implementatio m[
n MSC: Management of Care
m
[ m [ m[ m[
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced pract
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory develop
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ment. To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
m[ m
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a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) m[ m[ m[ m[
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ANS: B m[
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory developme
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
nt and award the research-
m[ m[ m[ m[
oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoralprograms in nursing
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[ m[ m
(DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DN
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
P is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nursepractitioners.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[
DIF:Understand (comprehension) m[
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
RN) education. TOP: Teaching/Learning
m
[ MSC: Management of Care m [ m [ m[ m[
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nu
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
rsesAssociation. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
m
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a. Graduate education m[
b. Inservice education m[
c. Continuing education m[
d. Registered nurse education m[ m[
ANS: C m[
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universi
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ties, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pur
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[
sue graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
fields, including nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provide
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education prepa
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ration for an individual intending to be an RN.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN)
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
m[ m[ m[
Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 12th Edition
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
MULTIPLE CHOICE m[
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
a. Florence Nightingale m[
b. Mary Nutting m[
c. Clara Barton m[
d. Lillian Wald m[
ANS: A m[
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connecte
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wal
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Ma
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ry Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton f
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
oundedthe American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Understand (comprehension) m[
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance m [ m[ m[ m[
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standar
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d ofnursing practice is the nurse following?
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C m[
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensi
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ve data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nu
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
rse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementat
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ion, theregistered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Understand (comprehension) m[
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Plannin m[
g MSC: Management of Care
m
[ m [ m[ m[
3. An experienced medical-
m[ m[
surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level ofproficiency is the nur
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[
se upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner m[
ANS: A m[
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previo
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
us level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
clinicalsituation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse u
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
nderstands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgic
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
al, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able t
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
o anticipate nursing care and establish long-
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advan
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able t
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
o identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Evaluatio m[
n MSC: Management of Care
m
[ m [ m[ m[
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fl
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
uids.The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurs
m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
e demonstrating?
m[
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B m[
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of in
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
dependent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
RN, the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing pra
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ctice. Accountabilitymeans that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the ty
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
pe and quality of nursingcare provided.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Implementatio m[
n MSC: Management of Care
m
[ m [ m[ m[
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
nurseimplementing? m
[
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B m[
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress i
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
n learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and pr
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ovide assistance in asserting these rights ifthe need arises. As a caregiver, you help patien
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ts maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level f
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
unction and independence through the healing process.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
TOP: Implementatio m[
n MSC: Management of Care
m
[ m [ m[ m[
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced pract
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory develop
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ment. To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
m[ m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) m[ m[ m[ m[
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ANS: B m[
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory developme
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
nt and award the research-
m[ m[ m[ m[
oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoralprograms in nursing
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[ m[ m
(DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DN
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
P is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nursepractitioners.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[
DIF:Understand (comprehension) m[
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
RN) education. TOP: Teaching/Learning
m
[ MSC: Management of Care m [ m [ m[ m[
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nu
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
rsesAssociation. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
m
[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
a. Graduate education m[
b. Inservice education m[
c. Continuing education m[
d. Registered nurse education m[ m[
ANS: C m[
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universi
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ties, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pur
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m
[ m[
sue graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
fields, including nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provide
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
d by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education prepa
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
ration for an individual intending to be an RN.
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
DIF:Apply (application) m[
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN)
m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[ m[
