BIO 168: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
Homeostasis - Answers -This is the tendency to maintain a balanced, stable, or
constant internal environment.
Epithelial Tissue - Answers -This covers the exposed surfaces as well as lines internal
passages and chambers.
Transitional Tissue - Answers -This is found in the urinary tract, it's able to change in
shape and size.
For example: The bladder expands to hold urine.
Adipose Connective Tissue - Answers -This acts as a storage depot for fat.
Monosaccharides - Answers -The simple sugars, such as: glucose and fructose.
Disaccharides - Answers -A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis.
Polysaccharides - Answers -Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides. A long strand of simple sugar molecules.
What are proteins composed of? - Answers -Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids - Answers -Store and process genetic information.
Where is ATP made? - Answers -The mitochondria
What are the stages of mitosis? - Answers -1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
What vitamin does the skin produce? - Answers -Vitamin D
What is the main function of the dermis? - Answers -To nourish the epidermis.
Where does nail production occur? - Answers -Deep epidermal fold near the bone
called the nail root.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - Answers -Sebum (oily substance)
Bone Marrow Function - Answers -Make blood cells ( white, red, and platelets )
What is the protective outer covering of a long bone? - Answers -Periosteum
, What lowers calcium levels in the blood? - Answers -Calcitonin
What raises calcium levels in the blood? - Answers -Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Axial Skeleton - Answers -Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib
cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular Skeleton - Answers -The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial
skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.
Sinovial Joints - Answers -Freely moving (ball and socket) joints, such as hips and
fingers.
Isometric Contraction - Answers -Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle
stays the same length.
Isotonic Contraction - Answers -Muscles contract and shorten or length.
What muscle is responsible for moving the elbow? - Answers -Triceps
What kind of muscles are voluntarily controlled? - Answers -Skeletal
What kind of muscle has no striation? - Answers -Smooth
What carries electrical impulses? - Answers -Axons
Neuroglial Cells - Answers -Specialized cell of the nervous system that produces
myelin, communicates between cells, and maintains the ionic environment.
The four types of neuroglia found in the central nervous system are astrocytes,
microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes.
Where are neurotransmitters released from? - Answers -Synaptic Knob
White Matter - Answers --Carries the information from place to place.
-Surrounds the rest of the butterfly shaped gray matter in the spinal cord.
-White matter is found in the center of the brain.
Gray Matter - Answers --Gray matter is the region of integration and command
initiation.
-In the spinal cord gray matter makes a butterfly shape in the center of the cord.
-Gray matter surround the edges of the brain.
Resting Membrane Potential - Answers -An electrical potential established across the
plasma membrane of all cells by the Na+/K+ ATPase and the K+ leak channels. In most
Homeostasis - Answers -This is the tendency to maintain a balanced, stable, or
constant internal environment.
Epithelial Tissue - Answers -This covers the exposed surfaces as well as lines internal
passages and chambers.
Transitional Tissue - Answers -This is found in the urinary tract, it's able to change in
shape and size.
For example: The bladder expands to hold urine.
Adipose Connective Tissue - Answers -This acts as a storage depot for fat.
Monosaccharides - Answers -The simple sugars, such as: glucose and fructose.
Disaccharides - Answers -A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis.
Polysaccharides - Answers -Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides. A long strand of simple sugar molecules.
What are proteins composed of? - Answers -Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids - Answers -Store and process genetic information.
Where is ATP made? - Answers -The mitochondria
What are the stages of mitosis? - Answers -1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
What vitamin does the skin produce? - Answers -Vitamin D
What is the main function of the dermis? - Answers -To nourish the epidermis.
Where does nail production occur? - Answers -Deep epidermal fold near the bone
called the nail root.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - Answers -Sebum (oily substance)
Bone Marrow Function - Answers -Make blood cells ( white, red, and platelets )
What is the protective outer covering of a long bone? - Answers -Periosteum
, What lowers calcium levels in the blood? - Answers -Calcitonin
What raises calcium levels in the blood? - Answers -Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Axial Skeleton - Answers -Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib
cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular Skeleton - Answers -The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial
skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.
Sinovial Joints - Answers -Freely moving (ball and socket) joints, such as hips and
fingers.
Isometric Contraction - Answers -Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle
stays the same length.
Isotonic Contraction - Answers -Muscles contract and shorten or length.
What muscle is responsible for moving the elbow? - Answers -Triceps
What kind of muscles are voluntarily controlled? - Answers -Skeletal
What kind of muscle has no striation? - Answers -Smooth
What carries electrical impulses? - Answers -Axons
Neuroglial Cells - Answers -Specialized cell of the nervous system that produces
myelin, communicates between cells, and maintains the ionic environment.
The four types of neuroglia found in the central nervous system are astrocytes,
microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes.
Where are neurotransmitters released from? - Answers -Synaptic Knob
White Matter - Answers --Carries the information from place to place.
-Surrounds the rest of the butterfly shaped gray matter in the spinal cord.
-White matter is found in the center of the brain.
Gray Matter - Answers --Gray matter is the region of integration and command
initiation.
-In the spinal cord gray matter makes a butterfly shape in the center of the cord.
-Gray matter surround the edges of the brain.
Resting Membrane Potential - Answers -An electrical potential established across the
plasma membrane of all cells by the Na+/K+ ATPase and the K+ leak channels. In most
