Nurs 1010 Exam 2 Questions and Answers
is the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on
health and disease.
Things to consider:
-culture
nutrition
-preferences
-religion
-socioeconomic status
-environment
optimal: Nutrients available in balanced amounts for cellular
optimal and suboptimal nutrition metabolism and physiological function.
Suboptimal: Malnutrition insufficient or excess amounts.
-Poor nutritional status negatively impacts health.
Nutrition and health status
-Poor health negatively impacts nutrition status.
Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR): energy needed at rest to maintain
internal working activities.
Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): amount of energy body needs
BMR, REE, Nutrients to consume over 24 hour period. Energy necessary for the
normal function of numerous body processes.
Nutrients: provide energy necessary normal function of
numerous body processes.
Carbs: main source of energy. (beans, peas, whole grains, corn
syrup, fruit juice)
Proteins: amino acids necessary for nitrogen balance (chicken,
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats eggs, milk, yogurt, peas, broccoli)
Fats: calorie dense (Saturated: dairy, meats. Polyunsaturated: fish,
walnuts, sunflower seeds. Monounsaturated: olive oil, avocado,
almonds, cashews)
water: all cell function depends on a fluid environment.
Minerals: catalysts for enzymatic reactions Macrominerals; trace
water, minerals, vitamins
elements.
Vitamins: essential for metabolism water soluble or fat soluble.
occurs in small intestine which is lined with villi.
Absorbs: carbs, proteins, minerals, water soluble vitamins.
absorption of nutrients
Nutrients absorbed by: passive diffusion, osmosis, active
transport, pinocytosis.
Metabolism: biochemical reactions within every cell of the body.
Anabolism: require energy (ATP) building of more complex
biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients.
Metabolism and storage: Catabolism: produces energy: breakdown of biochemical
substances into simpler substances; occurs during physiological
states of negative nitrogen balance. ex: starvation wasting of
body tissues occur.
, chyme moves by peristaltic action, travels through the ileocecal
valve into the large intestine where it becomes feces. water
elimination
absorbed through the intestinal mucosa as feces moves toward
the rectum.
infants: 1st year weight triples and length increases by 50%.
School age children: increased risk for choking
Adolescents: greater metabolic demand. R/F eating disorders.
nutrition throughout the lifespan
Young/middle adults: reduced nutrients R/F obesity.
Older adults: malnutrition reduced ability to ingest absorb and
metabolize nutrients.
All at potential risk.
Risk factors for problems with socioeconomic status and race or ethnicity can influence risk.
nutrition Populations at greatest risk are very young children and elderly
adults.
anthropometry: a measurement system of the size and makeup of
the body.
ideal body weight(IBW): estimate of what the individual should
assessment of nutrition
weigh
lab tests: enzymatic deficiencies/disorders: gall bladder, liver,
pancreas. Kidney function: Kidney disease/failure.
Botulism: home-canned, smoked, salted fish, ham, sausage, shell
fish.
E.Coli: undercooked meats.
Foodbourne diseases Listerosis: soft chesses, hot dogs, lunch meat.
salmonella: milk, eggs, salad dressings, polluted shell fish.
Staphyloccus: cream fillings, processed meats, ice cream,
cheese.
implementation related to NPO, advance diets gradually, special diets, promoting appetite,
nutrition assisting with oral feedings.
Parenteral: IV
types of feedings Tube feedings: Nasointestinal, jejunostomy, gastrastomy. PEG
PEJ.
-redness
-pain
-swelling aka edema
Signs of wound infection
-pain
-loss of function
- heat.
-Aids in granulation
-Heals wounds using second intention
wound packing
-May be used for debridement
-When packing, gauze is fluffed and packed loosely
Protect a wound from microorganism contamination
Aid in hemostasis
Promote healing by absorbing drainage and debriding a wound
purposes of dressings Support or splint the wound site
Protect patients from seeing the wound (if perceived as
unpleasant)
Promote thermal insulation of the wound surface
is the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on
health and disease.
Things to consider:
-culture
nutrition
-preferences
-religion
-socioeconomic status
-environment
optimal: Nutrients available in balanced amounts for cellular
optimal and suboptimal nutrition metabolism and physiological function.
Suboptimal: Malnutrition insufficient or excess amounts.
-Poor nutritional status negatively impacts health.
Nutrition and health status
-Poor health negatively impacts nutrition status.
Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR): energy needed at rest to maintain
internal working activities.
Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): amount of energy body needs
BMR, REE, Nutrients to consume over 24 hour period. Energy necessary for the
normal function of numerous body processes.
Nutrients: provide energy necessary normal function of
numerous body processes.
Carbs: main source of energy. (beans, peas, whole grains, corn
syrup, fruit juice)
Proteins: amino acids necessary for nitrogen balance (chicken,
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats eggs, milk, yogurt, peas, broccoli)
Fats: calorie dense (Saturated: dairy, meats. Polyunsaturated: fish,
walnuts, sunflower seeds. Monounsaturated: olive oil, avocado,
almonds, cashews)
water: all cell function depends on a fluid environment.
Minerals: catalysts for enzymatic reactions Macrominerals; trace
water, minerals, vitamins
elements.
Vitamins: essential for metabolism water soluble or fat soluble.
occurs in small intestine which is lined with villi.
Absorbs: carbs, proteins, minerals, water soluble vitamins.
absorption of nutrients
Nutrients absorbed by: passive diffusion, osmosis, active
transport, pinocytosis.
Metabolism: biochemical reactions within every cell of the body.
Anabolism: require energy (ATP) building of more complex
biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients.
Metabolism and storage: Catabolism: produces energy: breakdown of biochemical
substances into simpler substances; occurs during physiological
states of negative nitrogen balance. ex: starvation wasting of
body tissues occur.
, chyme moves by peristaltic action, travels through the ileocecal
valve into the large intestine where it becomes feces. water
elimination
absorbed through the intestinal mucosa as feces moves toward
the rectum.
infants: 1st year weight triples and length increases by 50%.
School age children: increased risk for choking
Adolescents: greater metabolic demand. R/F eating disorders.
nutrition throughout the lifespan
Young/middle adults: reduced nutrients R/F obesity.
Older adults: malnutrition reduced ability to ingest absorb and
metabolize nutrients.
All at potential risk.
Risk factors for problems with socioeconomic status and race or ethnicity can influence risk.
nutrition Populations at greatest risk are very young children and elderly
adults.
anthropometry: a measurement system of the size and makeup of
the body.
ideal body weight(IBW): estimate of what the individual should
assessment of nutrition
weigh
lab tests: enzymatic deficiencies/disorders: gall bladder, liver,
pancreas. Kidney function: Kidney disease/failure.
Botulism: home-canned, smoked, salted fish, ham, sausage, shell
fish.
E.Coli: undercooked meats.
Foodbourne diseases Listerosis: soft chesses, hot dogs, lunch meat.
salmonella: milk, eggs, salad dressings, polluted shell fish.
Staphyloccus: cream fillings, processed meats, ice cream,
cheese.
implementation related to NPO, advance diets gradually, special diets, promoting appetite,
nutrition assisting with oral feedings.
Parenteral: IV
types of feedings Tube feedings: Nasointestinal, jejunostomy, gastrastomy. PEG
PEJ.
-redness
-pain
-swelling aka edema
Signs of wound infection
-pain
-loss of function
- heat.
-Aids in granulation
-Heals wounds using second intention
wound packing
-May be used for debridement
-When packing, gauze is fluffed and packed loosely
Protect a wound from microorganism contamination
Aid in hemostasis
Promote healing by absorbing drainage and debriding a wound
purposes of dressings Support or splint the wound site
Protect patients from seeing the wound (if perceived as
unpleasant)
Promote thermal insulation of the wound surface
