SolutionVManualVforVCanadianVIncomeVTaxationV2022-
2023V25thVEditionVbyVWilliamVBuckwold,VJoanVKitunen,VMatthewVRom
an
CHAPTERV1
TAXATION―VITSVROLEVINVBUSINESSVDECISIONVMAKING
ReviewVQuestions
1. IfVincomeVtaxVisVimposedVafterVprofitsVhaveVbeenVdetermined,VwhyVisVtaxationVreleva
ntVtoVbusinessVdecisionVmaking?
2. MostVbusinessVdecisionsVinvolveVtheVevaluationVofValternativeVcoursesVofVaction.VFor
Vexample,VaVmarketingVmanagerVmayVbeVresponsibleVforVchoosingVaVstrategyVforVest
ablishingVsalesVinVnewVgeographicalVterritories.VBrieflyVexplainVhowVtheVtaxVfactorVca
nVbeVanVintegralVpartVofVthisVdecision.
3. WhatVareVtheVfundamentalVvariablesVofVtheVincomeVtaxVsystemVthatVdecision-
makersVshouldVbeVfamiliarVwithVsoVthatVtheyVcanVapplyVtaxVissuesVtoVtheirVareasVofV
responsibility?
4. WhatVisVanV―after-tax‖VapproachVtoVdecisionVmaking?
CopyrightV©V2022VMcGraw-HillVEducationVLtd. 1
InstructorVSolutionsVManualVChapterVOne
, Buckwold,VKitunen,VRomanVandVIqbal,VCanadianVIncomeVTaxation,V2022-2023VEd.
SolutionsVtoVReviewVQuestions
R1-
1V OnceVprofitVisVdetermined,VtheVIncomeVTaxVActVdeterminesVtheVamountVofVincomeV
taxVthatVresults.VHowever,VatVallVlevelsVofVmanagement,ValternativeVcoursesVofVactionV
areVevaluated.VInVmanyVcases,VtheVchoiceVofVoneValternativeVoverVtheVotherVmayVaffe
ctVbothVtheVamountVandVtheVtimingVofVfutureVtaxesVonVincomeVgeneratedVfromVthatVac
tivity.VTherefore,VtheVpersonVmakingVthoseVdecisionsVhasVaVdirectVinputVintoVfutureVaft
er-
taxVcashVflow.V Obviously,VdecisionsVthatVreduceVorVpostponeVtheVpaymentVofVtaxVaffe
ctVtheVultimateVreturnVonVinvestmentVand,VinVturn,VtheVvalueVofVtheVenterprise.VIncludi
ngVtheVtaxVvariableVasVaVpartVofVtheVformalVdecisionVprocessVwillVultimatelyVleadVtoVi
mprovedVafter-taxVcashVflow.
R1-
2VExpansionVcanVbeVachievedVinVnewVgeographicVareasVthroughVdirectVselling,VorVbyV
establishingVaVformalVpresenceVinVtheVnewVterritoryVwithVaVbranchVofficeVorVaVseparat
eVcorporation.VTheVnewVterritoriesVmayValsoVcrossVprovincialVorVinternationalVboundari
es.VProvincialVincomeVtaxVratesVvaryVamongstVtheVprovinces.VTheVamountVofVincomeV
thatVisVsubjectVtoVtaxVinVtheVnewVprovinceVwillVbeVdifferentVforVeachVofVtheVthreeValter
nativesVmentionedVabove.VForVexample,VwithVdirectVselling,VnoneVofVtheVincomeVisVtax
edVinVtheVnewVprovince,VbutVwithVaVseparateVcorporation,VallVofVtheVincomeVisVtaxedVi
nVtheVnewVprovince.VBecauseVtheVtaxVcostVisVdifferentVinVeachVcase,VtaxationVisVaVrel
evantVpartVofVtheVdecisionVandVmustVbeVincludedVinVanyVcost-
benefitVanalysisVthatVcomparesVtheVthreeValternativesV[Reg.V400-402.1].
R1-
3VAVbasicVunderstandingVofVtheVfollowingVvariablesVwillVsignificantlyVstrengthenVaVdeci
sionVmaker'sVabilityVtoVapplyVtaxVissuesVtoVtheirVareaVofVresponsibility.
TypesVofVIncome - Employment,VBusiness,VProperty,VCapitalVgains
TaxableVEntities - Individuals,VCorporations,VTrusts
AlternativeVBusiness - Corporation,VProprietorship,VPartnership,VLimite
d
Structures partnership,VJointVarrangement,VIncomeVtrust
TaxVJurisdictions - Federal,VProvincial,VForeign
R1-
4VAllVcashVflowVdecisions,VwhetherVrelatedVtoVrevenues,Vexpenses,VassetVacquisitions
VorVdivestitures,VorVdebtVandVequityVrestructuring,VwillVimpactVtheVamountVandVtimingV
ofVtheVtaxVcost.VTherefore,VcashVflowVexistsVonlyVonVanVafterVtaxVbasis,Vand,VtheVtaxV
impactsVwhetherV orV notV theV ultimateV resultV ofV theV decisionV isV successful.V AnV afte
r-taxV approachV toVdecision-makingVrequiresVeachVdecision-makerVtoVthinkV"after-
tax"VforVeveryVdecisionVatVtheVtimeVtheVdecisionVisVbeingVmade,Vand,VtoVconsiderValte
rnativeVcoursesVofVactionVtoVminimizeVtheVtaxVcost,VinVtheVsameVwayVthatVdecisionsVa
reVmadeVregardingVotherVtypesVofVcosts.
FailureV toV applyV anV after-
taxV approachV atV theV timeV thatV decisionsV areV madeV mayV provideVinaccurateVinformationVforVe
valuation,Vand,VresultVinVaVpermanentlyVinefficientVtaxVstructure.
,CopyrightV©V2022VMcGraw-HillVEducationVLtd. 2
InstructorVSolutionsVManualVChapterVOne
,