,
, Test Bank yh
to accompany
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Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition yh yh yh
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior
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Multiple Choice Questions yh yh
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throa
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ts, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
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a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
of adaptations by natural selection.
yh yh yh yh
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
yh yh yh yh yh yh
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
the long-term preservation of this species.
yh yh yh yh yh
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
es outnumber orangish females in this species.
yh yh yh yh yh yh
Answer: b yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because th
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ey inherited this ability from a lemming-
yh yh yh yh yh yh
like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. evolved function. yh
b. genetics and development. yh yh
c. evolutionary history. yh
d. adaptive value. yh
Answer: c yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to p
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
rovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ary history of a behavior.
yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. can be proven. yh yh
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
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y. Answer: b
yh yh
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypothese
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh y
and benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
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Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. yh yh yh yh yh
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
to their offspring.
yh yh
Answer: d yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of sel
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ective breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
has not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
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a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
as remained unchanged.
yh yh
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
as increased.
yh
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ot caused by genetic differences among them.
yh yh yh yh yh yh
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runni
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ng speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Answer: c yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying yh yh yh
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. H
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ere are two questions about this observation:
yh yh yh yh yh yh
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh y
survive?
h
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh y
in this way?
h yh yh
Which of the two is a proximate question?
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t
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he animal yh
, Test Bank yh
to accompany
yh
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition yh yh yh
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior
yh yh yh yh yh yh
Multiple Choice Questions yh yh
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throa
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ts, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
of adaptations by natural selection.
yh yh yh yh
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
yh yh yh yh yh yh
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
the long-term preservation of this species.
yh yh yh yh yh
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
es outnumber orangish females in this species.
yh yh yh yh yh yh
Answer: b yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because th
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ey inherited this ability from a lemming-
yh yh yh yh yh yh
like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. evolved function. yh
b. genetics and development. yh yh
c. evolutionary history. yh
d. adaptive value. yh
Answer: c yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to p
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
rovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ary history of a behavior.
yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. can be proven. yh yh
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
y. Answer: b
yh yh
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypothese
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh y
and benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
h yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. yh yh yh yh yh
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
to their offspring.
yh yh
Answer: d yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding yh yh yh
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of sel
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ective breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
has not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
as remained unchanged.
yh yh
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
as increased.
yh
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ot caused by genetic differences among them.
yh yh yh yh yh yh
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runni
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ng speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Answer: c yh
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying yh yh yh
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. H
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
ere are two questions about this observation:
yh yh yh yh yh yh
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh y
survive?
h
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh y
in this way?
h yh yh
Which of the two is a proximate question?
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t
yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh yh
he animal yh
