1
BIO 207 exam 1 umich Questions with Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
What is a microorganism (microbe)? Answer: -microscopic unicellular
organisms
-not just bacterial
-exist in all 3 domains (eukaryotic, bacteria, archaea)
-viruses also considered microbes
eukaryotes Answer: -moist or aquatic environments
-protista
-contain membrane-bound organelles
-DNA enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
-cells are generally larger and more complex
-18S rRNA
Prokaryotes Answer: -no nucleus
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-diverse environments, in & on us
-generally smaller than eukaryotic cells
-16S rRNA
Genetic diversity on earth Answer: the overwhelming proportion of
genetic diversity is encoded by microbes
archaea Answer: -have a mixture of eukaryotic and bacterial features
-phenotypic features that distinguish them from bacteria:
cell walls-different amino acids & sugars than those of bacteria
cell membranes-chemically distinct from bacterial membranes w
differing lipid structures and chemical links
-are extremophiles
mycology Answer: -study of fungi
-eukaryotic microbes (>100,000 species)
-cell walls contain chitin (acetylated amino-polysaccharide super
strong)
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,3
-membranes contain ergostrerol (target of some anti-fungal drugs)
Unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (molds/mycelial)
Yeasts Answer: -unicellular fungi
-saccaromyces cerevisiae (bakers/brewers yeast)
-candida albicans (yeast infections)
-reproduce by budding
molds Answer: -mycelial (multicellular) masses
-hyphae: multinucleate cell filaments which extend & form branches,
generating a mycelium
(septate - multiple cells w septa dividing cytoplasms
coenocytic - one long cell w many nuclei) types of hyphae
mycelia, mushrooms & mycorrhizae Answer: diff fungi forms:
-the familiar mushrooms
-mycelia of pathogens
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, 4
-symbiotic partners of algae in lichens
major clades of fungi Answer: -chytridiomycota
-zygomycota
-ascomycota (bakers yeast)
-basidiomycota (mushrooms)
mycorrhizae Answer: myco = fungus, rhiza = root
-symbiotic association between plant roots & fungi
-two common types: endomycorrhizae (penetrate cell wall of plant root
cells), ectomycorrhizae (do not)
benefits of symbiosis between mycorrhizae Answer: benefits to fungus:
plants provide a source of carbohydrates to the fungus from
photosynthesis
benefits to plant: fungi provide increased mineral nutrients (extend the
volume of soil accessible)
fungi improve a plants access to water - more draught tolerant
© 2025 All rights reserved
BIO 207 exam 1 umich Questions with Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
What is a microorganism (microbe)? Answer: -microscopic unicellular
organisms
-not just bacterial
-exist in all 3 domains (eukaryotic, bacteria, archaea)
-viruses also considered microbes
eukaryotes Answer: -moist or aquatic environments
-protista
-contain membrane-bound organelles
-DNA enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
-cells are generally larger and more complex
-18S rRNA
Prokaryotes Answer: -no nucleus
© 2025 All rights reserved
,2
-diverse environments, in & on us
-generally smaller than eukaryotic cells
-16S rRNA
Genetic diversity on earth Answer: the overwhelming proportion of
genetic diversity is encoded by microbes
archaea Answer: -have a mixture of eukaryotic and bacterial features
-phenotypic features that distinguish them from bacteria:
cell walls-different amino acids & sugars than those of bacteria
cell membranes-chemically distinct from bacterial membranes w
differing lipid structures and chemical links
-are extremophiles
mycology Answer: -study of fungi
-eukaryotic microbes (>100,000 species)
-cell walls contain chitin (acetylated amino-polysaccharide super
strong)
© 2025 All rights reserved
,3
-membranes contain ergostrerol (target of some anti-fungal drugs)
Unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (molds/mycelial)
Yeasts Answer: -unicellular fungi
-saccaromyces cerevisiae (bakers/brewers yeast)
-candida albicans (yeast infections)
-reproduce by budding
molds Answer: -mycelial (multicellular) masses
-hyphae: multinucleate cell filaments which extend & form branches,
generating a mycelium
(septate - multiple cells w septa dividing cytoplasms
coenocytic - one long cell w many nuclei) types of hyphae
mycelia, mushrooms & mycorrhizae Answer: diff fungi forms:
-the familiar mushrooms
-mycelia of pathogens
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4
-symbiotic partners of algae in lichens
major clades of fungi Answer: -chytridiomycota
-zygomycota
-ascomycota (bakers yeast)
-basidiomycota (mushrooms)
mycorrhizae Answer: myco = fungus, rhiza = root
-symbiotic association between plant roots & fungi
-two common types: endomycorrhizae (penetrate cell wall of plant root
cells), ectomycorrhizae (do not)
benefits of symbiosis between mycorrhizae Answer: benefits to fungus:
plants provide a source of carbohydrates to the fungus from
photosynthesis
benefits to plant: fungi provide increased mineral nutrients (extend the
volume of soil accessible)
fungi improve a plants access to water - more draught tolerant
© 2025 All rights reserved
