CSO Exam Comprehensive Final Exam v
Review with Verified Answers and Key
Concepts (Updated 2025–2026)
Loss or absence of the sense of taste - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Ageusia
v v v v v v v v v v
Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is not genetically identical - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Allogenic marrow transplantationv v
Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or other agents used to prevent the development,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
maturation or spread of neoplastic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Antineoplastic agents
v v v v v v v v v v
molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔antioxidants
v v
transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue (from hematopietic stem cells) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
autologous marrow transplantation v v
per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores, profound anorexia
v v v v v v v v v v
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia, early satiety, wt loss,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations, increased inflammatory markers and progressive
v v v v v v v v v v v
functional impairment.
v v v
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable combination of reduced
v v v v v v v v v v v v
food intake and abnormal metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔cancer cachexia
v v v v v v v v v
,an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔carcinogen
v v v v v v v v v v v
the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that proceeds on a continuum but is often
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
described in stages of initiation, promotion and progression - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔carcinogenesis
v v v v v v v v v v v
protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic
v v v v v v v v v v v v
changes & wasting - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔cytokines
v v v v v v
altered taste - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔dysgeusia
v v v v
a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
against the pt (host) tissues
v v v v v
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel rest -->
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants -->
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
regular diet
v v
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔graft-versus-host
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
disease (GVHD)
v v
decreased taste acuity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔hypogeusia v v v v v
the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔initiation
v v v v v v v v v v v v
mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant areas of body - CORRECT ANSWER✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
✔malignant neoplasm v
growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or organs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
metastasis
,suppression of bone marrow cell production - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔myelosuppression v v v v v v v v
a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
threatening infections - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔neutropenia v v v v
a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔pancytopenia
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process of tumorigenesis.
v v v v v v v v v v
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that have a beneficial effect the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
body. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔phytochemicals
v v v v
the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign tumors that eventually lead to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue invasion & mets - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔progression
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting agent to multiply and form a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
discrete tumor - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Promotion
v v v v v
a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔radiation-induced enteritis
v v v
a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the tumor: its size, the degree of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
growth & spread;
v v v v
T - size of tumor
v v v v
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
v v v v v v
M- presence of mets - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔staging
v v v v v v
, a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and macrophages in response especially to endotoxins and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
that mediates inflammation and induces the destruction of some tumor cells and the activation of white blood
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
cells
v
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that releases fat from fat stores,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
anorexia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Tumor necrosis factor
v v v v v v
- transplant related complication
v v v
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may resolve after
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
- 1-3 wks post transplant
v v v v
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure - CORRECT ANSWERv v v v v v v v v v v
✔✔veno-occlusive disease (VOD) v v
mouth dryness - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Xerostomia
v v v v
Muslim/Islamic law. v
Fasting common v
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
v v v v v v
forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts), diet can be low in heme iron - CORRECT
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSWER✔✔cultural-Halal diet
v v
Jewish dietary laws/ Parve:
v v v
separate utensils for food prep/eating v v v v
Review with Verified Answers and Key
Concepts (Updated 2025–2026)
Loss or absence of the sense of taste - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Ageusia
v v v v v v v v v v
Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is not genetically identical - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Allogenic marrow transplantationv v
Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or other agents used to prevent the development,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
maturation or spread of neoplastic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Antineoplastic agents
v v v v v v v v v v
molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔antioxidants
v v
transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue (from hematopietic stem cells) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
autologous marrow transplantation v v
per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores, profound anorexia
v v v v v v v v v v
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia, early satiety, wt loss,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations, increased inflammatory markers and progressive
v v v v v v v v v v v
functional impairment.
v v v
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable combination of reduced
v v v v v v v v v v v v
food intake and abnormal metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔cancer cachexia
v v v v v v v v v
,an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔carcinogen
v v v v v v v v v v v
the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that proceeds on a continuum but is often
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
described in stages of initiation, promotion and progression - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔carcinogenesis
v v v v v v v v v v v
protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic
v v v v v v v v v v v v
changes & wasting - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔cytokines
v v v v v v
altered taste - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔dysgeusia
v v v v
a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
against the pt (host) tissues
v v v v v
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel rest -->
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants -->
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
regular diet
v v
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔graft-versus-host
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
disease (GVHD)
v v
decreased taste acuity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔hypogeusia v v v v v
the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔initiation
v v v v v v v v v v v v
mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant areas of body - CORRECT ANSWER✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
✔malignant neoplasm v
growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or organs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
metastasis
,suppression of bone marrow cell production - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔myelosuppression v v v v v v v v
a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
threatening infections - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔neutropenia v v v v
a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔pancytopenia
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process of tumorigenesis.
v v v v v v v v v v
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that have a beneficial effect the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
body. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔phytochemicals
v v v v
the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign tumors that eventually lead to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue invasion & mets - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔progression
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting agent to multiply and form a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
discrete tumor - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Promotion
v v v v v
a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔radiation-induced enteritis
v v v
a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the tumor: its size, the degree of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
growth & spread;
v v v v
T - size of tumor
v v v v
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
v v v v v v
M- presence of mets - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔staging
v v v v v v
, a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and macrophages in response especially to endotoxins and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
that mediates inflammation and induces the destruction of some tumor cells and the activation of white blood
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
cells
v
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that releases fat from fat stores,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
anorexia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Tumor necrosis factor
v v v v v v
- transplant related complication
v v v
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may resolve after
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
- 1-3 wks post transplant
v v v v
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure - CORRECT ANSWERv v v v v v v v v v v
✔✔veno-occlusive disease (VOD) v v
mouth dryness - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Xerostomia
v v v v
Muslim/Islamic law. v
Fasting common v
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
v v v v v v
forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts), diet can be low in heme iron - CORRECT
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSWER✔✔cultural-Halal diet
v v
Jewish dietary laws/ Parve:
v v v
separate utensils for food prep/eating v v v v
