NR507 Midterm Exam
Innate immunity - ANS-the immunity we are born with
Immune response: 3 levels/lines of protection - ANS-1st line: physical, mechanical, &
biochemical barriers
2nd line: the inflammatory response
3rd line: lymphocyte production
most important immune defense - ANS-intact skin and mucous membranes (impermeable
barrier)
PAMP - ANS-pathogen associated molecular pattern
surfaces of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes are covered with many foreign proteins
foreign
DAMP - ANS-damage associated molecular pattern
many proteins are released from inside our cells when they are damaged
foreign
PRR - ANS-pattern recognition receptors
surfaces of WBCs contain these receptor sites
-continuously interact with any material they encounter to ID it as "self" or "non-self" (foreign;
PAMP or DAMP)
Chemotaxis - ANS-Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
Phagocytosis - ANS-"cell eating"
1. opsonization and adherence
2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic chemicals inside
the lysosomes
5. egestion
,Hypersensitivity Type 1:_____ - ANS-Allergic reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Mediated by ______ - ANS-IgE
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Inflammation due to _____________ - ANS-mast cell degranulation
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
local symptoms - ANS-itching, rash
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
systemic symptoms - ANS-wheezing
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
most dangerous form - ANS-anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
main treatment ___________ - ANS-epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2: _________________ - ANS-Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific
(example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Primary effector cells involved - ANS-macrophages
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
can cause ____________ - ANS-tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of altered function - ANS-graves disease (hyperthyroidism)-example of altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of tissue damage - ANS-incompatible blood type-example of cell/tissue damage that
occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - ANS-Not organ specific
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is deposited in
the tissues
, Hypersensitivity: Type 3
Examples - ANS-Rheumatoid arthritis - antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - very closely related to autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies
deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE - Type 3 autoimmune response - ANS-facial rash confined to cheeks
(malar rash)
discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
photosensitivity
oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis of at lease 2 peripheral joints
serositis
renal disorder
neurologic disorder
ANA
Autoimmune diseases can be ______ - ANS-familial
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
____________ or _____________ - ANS-histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC
genes
Alloimmunity - ANS-AKA isoimmunity
immune system of one individual produces a reaction against tissues of another individual
Alloimmunity examples - ANS--Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes
sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
-Transplant rejection
-Transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - ANS-T-cell mediated
delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
typical reaction - ANS-localized contact dermatitis
(symptoms usually occur a few days later)
Innate immunity - ANS-the immunity we are born with
Immune response: 3 levels/lines of protection - ANS-1st line: physical, mechanical, &
biochemical barriers
2nd line: the inflammatory response
3rd line: lymphocyte production
most important immune defense - ANS-intact skin and mucous membranes (impermeable
barrier)
PAMP - ANS-pathogen associated molecular pattern
surfaces of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes are covered with many foreign proteins
foreign
DAMP - ANS-damage associated molecular pattern
many proteins are released from inside our cells when they are damaged
foreign
PRR - ANS-pattern recognition receptors
surfaces of WBCs contain these receptor sites
-continuously interact with any material they encounter to ID it as "self" or "non-self" (foreign;
PAMP or DAMP)
Chemotaxis - ANS-Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
Phagocytosis - ANS-"cell eating"
1. opsonization and adherence
2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic chemicals inside
the lysosomes
5. egestion
,Hypersensitivity Type 1:_____ - ANS-Allergic reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Mediated by ______ - ANS-IgE
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Inflammation due to _____________ - ANS-mast cell degranulation
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
local symptoms - ANS-itching, rash
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
systemic symptoms - ANS-wheezing
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
most dangerous form - ANS-anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
main treatment ___________ - ANS-epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2: _________________ - ANS-Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific
(example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Primary effector cells involved - ANS-macrophages
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
can cause ____________ - ANS-tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of altered function - ANS-graves disease (hyperthyroidism)-example of altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of tissue damage - ANS-incompatible blood type-example of cell/tissue damage that
occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - ANS-Not organ specific
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is deposited in
the tissues
, Hypersensitivity: Type 3
Examples - ANS-Rheumatoid arthritis - antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - very closely related to autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies
deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE - Type 3 autoimmune response - ANS-facial rash confined to cheeks
(malar rash)
discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
photosensitivity
oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis of at lease 2 peripheral joints
serositis
renal disorder
neurologic disorder
ANA
Autoimmune diseases can be ______ - ANS-familial
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
____________ or _____________ - ANS-histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC
genes
Alloimmunity - ANS-AKA isoimmunity
immune system of one individual produces a reaction against tissues of another individual
Alloimmunity examples - ANS--Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes
sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
-Transplant rejection
-Transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - ANS-T-cell mediated
delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
typical reaction - ANS-localized contact dermatitis
(symptoms usually occur a few days later)
