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Q01 A patient is experiencing chest pain described as pressure, with radiation to the left arm and
jaw. What is the most immediate priority action? Answer: Obtain a 12-lead ECG within 10
minutes Rationale: Rapid ECG acquisition is critical in suspected ACS to identify STEMI or
other ischemic changes and guide reperfusion therapy.
Q02 When administering oxygen to a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome, the
current recommendation is to give supplemental oxygen only if Answer: SpO₂ is <90% or the
patient is in respiratory distress Rationale: Routine oxygen administration in normoxic
patients may cause harm (vasoconstriction); target SpO₂ ≥90%.
Q03 Which medication is considered the first-line antiplatelet agent for patients with suspected
ACS? Answer: Aspirin 162–325 mg chewed Rationale: Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet
aggregation and is given immediately in suspected ACS unless contraindicated.
Q04 A patient in cardiac arrest has a shockable rhythm (VF/pulseless VT). After the first shock,
what is the next immediate step? Answer: Resume immediate CPR for 2 minutes Rationale:
CPR should resume immediately after defibrillation to minimize interruptions and maximize
coronary perfusion.
Q05 What is the recommended compression rate during adult CPR? Answer: 100–120
compressions per minute Rationale: Current AHA guidelines specify a rate of 100–120/min to
optimize cardiac output.
, Q06 When performing CPR on an adult, what is the recommended compression depth? Answer:
At least 2 inches (5 cm), but no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm) Rationale: Depth of 5–6 cm
provides optimal cardiac output while minimizing injury risk.
Q07 Which rhythm is characterized by chaotic, irregular electrical activity with no discernible
QRS complexes? Answer: Ventricular fibrillation Rationale: VF is a shockable rhythm
showing disorganized, chaotic waves.
Q08 A patient has pulseless electrical activity (PEA). What is the first-line medication? Answer:
Epinephrine 1 mg IV every 3–5 minutes Rationale: Epinephrine is the vasopressor used in
non-shockable rhythms (asystole/PEA).
Q09 In a patient with symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to atropine, what is the next
intervention? Answer: Transcutaneous pacing Rationale: TCP is indicated for unstable
bradycardia when atropine fails.
Q10 Which medication is preferred for chemical cardioversion of stable atrial fibrillation of <48
hours duration? Answer: Ibutilide or procainamide Rationale: These class III/IA agents are
used for pharmacological cardioversion in stable patients.
Q11 A patient with severe sepsis has a lactate of 4.8 mmol/L. What is the initial fluid
resuscitation goal? Answer: 30 mL/kg crystalloid within the first 3 hours Rationale:
Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend rapid 30 mL/kg fluid bolus in sepsis-induced
hypoperfusion.
Q12 In septic shock, after initial fluid resuscitation, which vasopressor is first-line? Answer:
Norepinephrine Rationale: Norepinephrine is the preferred initial vasopressor in septic shock.
Q13 What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) in septic shock? Answer: ≥65 mmHg
Rationale: Maintaining MAP ≥65 mmHg is the goal to ensure adequate organ perfusion.