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ETH306W
SPECIAL EDUCATION
NEEDS
2020
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ETH306-W Answers: Oct / Nov 2014
1.Describe Inclusive Education in your own words.
W e acceptordinary and disabled learners,learnerswith behaviouralproblemsand learning
difficulties.W e attemptto change theirbehaviourand improve theircircumstancesand
opportunities.
2.W hat is the difference between mainstream education and inclusion?
M ainstream education:
- Getlearnersto fitinto a particularsystem.
- Give extra supportso learnerscan fitinto a normalclassroom routine.
- Focuson changesthatneed to be made in learnersso they can fitin.
Inclusion:
- Recognise and respectdifferencesin learnersand build on theirsimilarities.
- Focuson learners,teachersand programsasa whole to meetthe needsof learners.
- Focuson adaptationsand supportsystemsin the classroom.
3.Discuss both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can cause learners to have
learning needs.
Intrinsic factors(Born with a problem!)
- Physical/ pshycologicalimpairmentsthatmay become disabilitiesif society and the
system of education do notmake provision forthese learners.
- Personality factors,especially typesof temperamentand unsatisfied emotionalneeds.
Extrinsic factors:(problem notin learnersself,butin the circumstancesthey grow up in)
- Environment:Infavourable socioeconomic circumstances,urban areas,rural
environments,prosperousareas.
- Education poor:Teaching,lack of qualifications,unmotivated,lazy.Incomplete
participation on the partof learners,inappropriate study material,inefficientschool
organisations,crowded classrooms.
- Language:M any learnerstaughtin English (Nothome language),often the teacherscan
notspeak properEnglish.
- Culture:Need to accommodate differentcultures.
- Job prospects:M any learnershave schoolsbutthere isno jobsavailable so they get
depressed and discourgaes.
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4.Name FOUR characteristics of each type of barriers as they manifest in the
classroom:
Visually impairment:
- Rubsthe eyesexcessively
- M ovesthe head when looking atpicturesorwhen reading.
- Haspoorspacing when writing.
- Refusesto participate in ballgames.
- Blinksmore than usualorisirritated when doing close work.
- Isunable to see distantthingsclearly.
- Squintseyelidstogetherorfrowns.
- Stepstoo high/too low when going up / down the stairs.
Hearing impairment:
- Often misenterpretswhathasbeen said.
- Speaksto slowly ortoo fast.
- Isoften inattentive.
- Findsitdifficultto associate with peergroup friends.
- Turnshead to listen.
- W atchesthe teacherslips.
- Speaksmonotonously.
- Reliesheavily on gestures.
- Avoid oralactivities.
- Difficulty in hearing the bellring.
5. W hat is the difference between paraplegia and quadriplegia?
Paraplegia:the lowerlimbsare affected (legs)
Q uadriplegia:All4 limbsare affected.
M onoplegia:One limb isaffected.
Hemiplegia:One side of the body isaffected.
Triplegia:3 limbsare affected.
Diplegia:Iswhen leagsare more severely affected than arms.
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6.W hat is cerebralpalsy?
Itisa persistentbutnotunchanging disorderof posture and movementdue to a dysfunction
of the brain before itsgrowth and developmentare completed.
7.Five patterns of parentalattitudes before there is acceptance of the child with
impairments.
- Grief afterthe initialshock of knowing theirchild hasbeen diagnosed with an
impairment,parentsexperience a feeling of grief.
- Guiltparentstend to blame themselvesfortheirchild’simpairment.
- Anxiety usually goeshand with worriesaboutlearnersfuture.
- Denial-parentsdeny thattheirchild hasan impairment.
- Anger-parentsreactangrily to the impairmentand to otherswho offersadvice.
8.W hat assistance could you give a learner with a physicalimpairment in your
classroom?
- See thatthe learnersare comfortable with theirorthapadeic aids.
- M ake classroom an otherareasaccessible.
- Learnersshould be able to move around freely in the classroo,using theiraids.
- Build up the child’sself esteem.
- If the learnerison medication,make sure thatitistaken regularly.
- Be prepared to improvise.
- If the learnerfindsithard to write,allow him/herto type.
- W e should allow forlong absence.
- If the child’swritesslow,allow him/herto have an oralexam ortest.
- You could disregard the spelling of learnerswith severe spelling problems.
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ETH306W
SPECIAL EDUCATION
NEEDS
2020
Downloaded by: Mgwebs |
Distribution of this document is illegal
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
ETH306-W Answers: Oct / Nov 2014
1.Describe Inclusive Education in your own words.
W e acceptordinary and disabled learners,learnerswith behaviouralproblemsand learning
difficulties.W e attemptto change theirbehaviourand improve theircircumstancesand
opportunities.
2.W hat is the difference between mainstream education and inclusion?
M ainstream education:
- Getlearnersto fitinto a particularsystem.
- Give extra supportso learnerscan fitinto a normalclassroom routine.
- Focuson changesthatneed to be made in learnersso they can fitin.
Inclusion:
- Recognise and respectdifferencesin learnersand build on theirsimilarities.
- Focuson learners,teachersand programsasa whole to meetthe needsof learners.
- Focuson adaptationsand supportsystemsin the classroom.
3.Discuss both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can cause learners to have
learning needs.
Intrinsic factors(Born with a problem!)
- Physical/ pshycologicalimpairmentsthatmay become disabilitiesif society and the
system of education do notmake provision forthese learners.
- Personality factors,especially typesof temperamentand unsatisfied emotionalneeds.
Extrinsic factors:(problem notin learnersself,butin the circumstancesthey grow up in)
- Environment:Infavourable socioeconomic circumstances,urban areas,rural
environments,prosperousareas.
- Education poor:Teaching,lack of qualifications,unmotivated,lazy.Incomplete
participation on the partof learners,inappropriate study material,inefficientschool
organisations,crowded classrooms.
- Language:M any learnerstaughtin English (Nothome language),often the teacherscan
notspeak properEnglish.
- Culture:Need to accommodate differentcultures.
- Job prospects:M any learnershave schoolsbutthere isno jobsavailable so they get
depressed and discourgaes.
Downloaded by: Mgwebs |
Distribution of this document is illegal
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
4.Name FOUR characteristics of each type of barriers as they manifest in the
classroom:
Visually impairment:
- Rubsthe eyesexcessively
- M ovesthe head when looking atpicturesorwhen reading.
- Haspoorspacing when writing.
- Refusesto participate in ballgames.
- Blinksmore than usualorisirritated when doing close work.
- Isunable to see distantthingsclearly.
- Squintseyelidstogetherorfrowns.
- Stepstoo high/too low when going up / down the stairs.
Hearing impairment:
- Often misenterpretswhathasbeen said.
- Speaksto slowly ortoo fast.
- Isoften inattentive.
- Findsitdifficultto associate with peergroup friends.
- Turnshead to listen.
- W atchesthe teacherslips.
- Speaksmonotonously.
- Reliesheavily on gestures.
- Avoid oralactivities.
- Difficulty in hearing the bellring.
5. W hat is the difference between paraplegia and quadriplegia?
Paraplegia:the lowerlimbsare affected (legs)
Q uadriplegia:All4 limbsare affected.
M onoplegia:One limb isaffected.
Hemiplegia:One side of the body isaffected.
Triplegia:3 limbsare affected.
Diplegia:Iswhen leagsare more severely affected than arms.
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Distribution of this document is illegal
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
6.W hat is cerebralpalsy?
Itisa persistentbutnotunchanging disorderof posture and movementdue to a dysfunction
of the brain before itsgrowth and developmentare completed.
7.Five patterns of parentalattitudes before there is acceptance of the child with
impairments.
- Grief afterthe initialshock of knowing theirchild hasbeen diagnosed with an
impairment,parentsexperience a feeling of grief.
- Guiltparentstend to blame themselvesfortheirchild’simpairment.
- Anxiety usually goeshand with worriesaboutlearnersfuture.
- Denial-parentsdeny thattheirchild hasan impairment.
- Anger-parentsreactangrily to the impairmentand to otherswho offersadvice.
8.W hat assistance could you give a learner with a physicalimpairment in your
classroom?
- See thatthe learnersare comfortable with theirorthapadeic aids.
- M ake classroom an otherareasaccessible.
- Learnersshould be able to move around freely in the classroo,using theiraids.
- Build up the child’sself esteem.
- If the learnerison medication,make sure thatitistaken regularly.
- Be prepared to improvise.
- If the learnerfindsithard to write,allow him/herto type.
- W e should allow forlong absence.
- If the child’swritesslow,allow him/herto have an oralexam ortest.
- You could disregard the spelling of learnerswith severe spelling problems.
Downloaded by: Mgwebs |
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