NYSTCE CST 245 ALL 2026 EXAMINATION TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔theorem: congruent supplementary angles are right angles - ✔✔If 2 angles are both
supplementary and congruent, then they're right angles
✔✔6 ways of proving a quadrilateral is a rhombus - ✔✔1. all sides are congruent
(definition)
2. the diagonals bisect all angles
3. the diagonals are perpendicular bisectors of each other
4. 2 consecutive sides of a parallelogram are congruent
5. either diagonal of a parallelogram bisects 2 angles
6. the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular
✔✔4 ways of proving a quadrilateral is a square - ✔✔1. 4 congruent sides and 4 right
angles
2. 2 consecutive sides of a rectangle are congruent
3. rhombus contains a right angle
4. quadrilateral is both a rectangle and a rhombus
✔✔2 ways of proving a quadrilateral is a kite - ✔✔1. 2 disjoint pairs of consecutive sides
of a quadrilateral are congruent
2. one of the diagonals of a quadrilateral is the perpendicular bisector of the other
✔✔formula for the area of a rectangle - ✔✔length * width
✔✔formula for the area of a parallelogram - ✔✔base * height
✔✔formula for the area of a kite - ✔✔1/2 * diagonal_1 * diagonal_2
✔✔formula for the area of a trapezoid - ✔✔base_1 + base_2/2 * height
✔✔median of a trapezoid - ✔✔the segment that connects the midpoints of the legs; its
length equals the average of the lengths of the bases
✔✔theorem: the midline theory - ✔✔a segment joining the midpoints of 2 sides of a
triangle is: (1) 1/2 the length of the 3rd side; and (2) parallel to the 3rd side
✔✔theorem: altitude-on-hypotenuse - ✔✔If an altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a
right triangle, then: (1) the 2 triangles formed are similar to the given triangle and to
each other; (2) h^2 = (base of 1st triangle formed) * (base of second triangle formed);
and (3) (hypotenuse of one of the two triangles formed)^2 = base of that triangle + base
of original triangle
,✔✔Altimeter - ✔✔An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the
height of an airplane.
✔✔Anemometer - ✔✔An instrument to measure wind speed.
✔✔Angiosperm - ✔✔A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary,
which may mature into a fruit.
✔✔Annuals - ✔✔Plants that die after one growing season.
✔✔Asexual Reproduction - ✔✔Reproduction involving ONE parent only.
✔✔Atmosphere - ✔✔The Earth's atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen.
- atmosphere extends to the surface of about 10km.
- stratosphere extends from 10km to 50km
- mesosphere extends from 50km to 80km
- thermosphere extends beyond 80km
✔✔Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) - ✔✔Light emission from the upper atmosphere
that appear in many shapes and colors.
✔✔Blood - ✔✔Fluid that circulates throughout the body of an animal, distributing
nutrients (usually oxygen).
✔✔Canopy - ✔✔A layer of tree branches and other vegetation elevated above the
ground.
✔✔Carbon Dioxide (C02) - ✔✔A colorless, odorless gas that is important in the Earth's
atmospheric greenhouse effect.
✔✔Carcinogen - ✔✔A substance that can lead to cancer.
✔✔Carcinoma - ✔✔A malignant (infectious) tumor, which forms in the skin and outside
of internal organs.
✔✔Ceilometer - ✔✔An instrument that measures cloud height.
✔✔Cell - ✔✔A fundamental unit of all light. The cell consists of an outer plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA).
✔✔Celsius - ✔✔A temperature scale which freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100
degrees.
✔✔Chemical Properties - ✔✔Properties that do change the chemical nature of matter.
, - change results in an entirely different kind of matter.
- burning, tarnishing, rusting, decomposing
✔✔Chemotherapy - ✔✔A cancer treatment that includes chemicals toxic to malignant
(infected) cells.
✔✔Chinook Wind - ✔✔A warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains.
✔✔Chlorophyll - ✔✔The green substance that absorbs light during photosynthesis.
✔✔Chromosome - ✔✔A single DNA molecule, a tightly coiled strand of DNA,
condensed into a compact structure.
✔✔Cloud - ✔✔A visible group of water or ice particles in the atmosphere.
✔✔Convection - ✔✔The movement up in the atmosphere of heated moisture.
Thunderstorms are often caused by convection.
✔✔Core - ✔✔The portion of the Earth from beneath the mantle of the Earth's center.
✔✔Cross-Pollination - ✔✔Fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant.
✔✔Diploid Cell - ✔✔A cell with TWO copies of each chromosome.
✔✔Double Helix - ✔✔A term used to describe the coiling strands of DNA molecules that
resembles a spiral staircase.
✔✔Ecology - ✔✔The study of interactions of organisms with their environment and with
each other.
✔✔El Nino - ✔✔Warming of the Pacific Ocean seawater along the coast of South
America that leads to significant weather changes in the United States.
✔✔Embryo - ✔✔The stage of cellular division that develops from a zygote
✔✔Enzyme - ✔✔A protein that aids biochemical reactions.
✔✔Epicenter - ✔✔The part on the surface of the Earth immediately above the focus of
an earthquake.
✔✔Estuary - ✔✔A place where freshwater and seawater mix.
✔✔Flower - ✔✔The reproductive parts of flowering plants.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔theorem: congruent supplementary angles are right angles - ✔✔If 2 angles are both
supplementary and congruent, then they're right angles
✔✔6 ways of proving a quadrilateral is a rhombus - ✔✔1. all sides are congruent
(definition)
2. the diagonals bisect all angles
3. the diagonals are perpendicular bisectors of each other
4. 2 consecutive sides of a parallelogram are congruent
5. either diagonal of a parallelogram bisects 2 angles
6. the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular
✔✔4 ways of proving a quadrilateral is a square - ✔✔1. 4 congruent sides and 4 right
angles
2. 2 consecutive sides of a rectangle are congruent
3. rhombus contains a right angle
4. quadrilateral is both a rectangle and a rhombus
✔✔2 ways of proving a quadrilateral is a kite - ✔✔1. 2 disjoint pairs of consecutive sides
of a quadrilateral are congruent
2. one of the diagonals of a quadrilateral is the perpendicular bisector of the other
✔✔formula for the area of a rectangle - ✔✔length * width
✔✔formula for the area of a parallelogram - ✔✔base * height
✔✔formula for the area of a kite - ✔✔1/2 * diagonal_1 * diagonal_2
✔✔formula for the area of a trapezoid - ✔✔base_1 + base_2/2 * height
✔✔median of a trapezoid - ✔✔the segment that connects the midpoints of the legs; its
length equals the average of the lengths of the bases
✔✔theorem: the midline theory - ✔✔a segment joining the midpoints of 2 sides of a
triangle is: (1) 1/2 the length of the 3rd side; and (2) parallel to the 3rd side
✔✔theorem: altitude-on-hypotenuse - ✔✔If an altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a
right triangle, then: (1) the 2 triangles formed are similar to the given triangle and to
each other; (2) h^2 = (base of 1st triangle formed) * (base of second triangle formed);
and (3) (hypotenuse of one of the two triangles formed)^2 = base of that triangle + base
of original triangle
,✔✔Altimeter - ✔✔An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the
height of an airplane.
✔✔Anemometer - ✔✔An instrument to measure wind speed.
✔✔Angiosperm - ✔✔A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary,
which may mature into a fruit.
✔✔Annuals - ✔✔Plants that die after one growing season.
✔✔Asexual Reproduction - ✔✔Reproduction involving ONE parent only.
✔✔Atmosphere - ✔✔The Earth's atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen.
- atmosphere extends to the surface of about 10km.
- stratosphere extends from 10km to 50km
- mesosphere extends from 50km to 80km
- thermosphere extends beyond 80km
✔✔Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) - ✔✔Light emission from the upper atmosphere
that appear in many shapes and colors.
✔✔Blood - ✔✔Fluid that circulates throughout the body of an animal, distributing
nutrients (usually oxygen).
✔✔Canopy - ✔✔A layer of tree branches and other vegetation elevated above the
ground.
✔✔Carbon Dioxide (C02) - ✔✔A colorless, odorless gas that is important in the Earth's
atmospheric greenhouse effect.
✔✔Carcinogen - ✔✔A substance that can lead to cancer.
✔✔Carcinoma - ✔✔A malignant (infectious) tumor, which forms in the skin and outside
of internal organs.
✔✔Ceilometer - ✔✔An instrument that measures cloud height.
✔✔Cell - ✔✔A fundamental unit of all light. The cell consists of an outer plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA).
✔✔Celsius - ✔✔A temperature scale which freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100
degrees.
✔✔Chemical Properties - ✔✔Properties that do change the chemical nature of matter.
, - change results in an entirely different kind of matter.
- burning, tarnishing, rusting, decomposing
✔✔Chemotherapy - ✔✔A cancer treatment that includes chemicals toxic to malignant
(infected) cells.
✔✔Chinook Wind - ✔✔A warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains.
✔✔Chlorophyll - ✔✔The green substance that absorbs light during photosynthesis.
✔✔Chromosome - ✔✔A single DNA molecule, a tightly coiled strand of DNA,
condensed into a compact structure.
✔✔Cloud - ✔✔A visible group of water or ice particles in the atmosphere.
✔✔Convection - ✔✔The movement up in the atmosphere of heated moisture.
Thunderstorms are often caused by convection.
✔✔Core - ✔✔The portion of the Earth from beneath the mantle of the Earth's center.
✔✔Cross-Pollination - ✔✔Fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant.
✔✔Diploid Cell - ✔✔A cell with TWO copies of each chromosome.
✔✔Double Helix - ✔✔A term used to describe the coiling strands of DNA molecules that
resembles a spiral staircase.
✔✔Ecology - ✔✔The study of interactions of organisms with their environment and with
each other.
✔✔El Nino - ✔✔Warming of the Pacific Ocean seawater along the coast of South
America that leads to significant weather changes in the United States.
✔✔Embryo - ✔✔The stage of cellular division that develops from a zygote
✔✔Enzyme - ✔✔A protein that aids biochemical reactions.
✔✔Epicenter - ✔✔The part on the surface of the Earth immediately above the focus of
an earthquake.
✔✔Estuary - ✔✔A place where freshwater and seawater mix.
✔✔Flower - ✔✔The reproductive parts of flowering plants.
