J 06V Ethics in Criminal Justice Lesson 4 AND 5 Exam COMPLETE SOLUTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2021

J 06V Ethics in Criminal Justice Lesson 4 AND 5 Exam COMPLETE SOLUTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2021 Submission View Your quiz has been submitted successfully. Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 points Mill defines pleasure as happiness and the absence of: Question options: a)  intellect. b)  virtue. c)  pain. d)  desire. Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 points Mill focused focuses on reconciling the __________ of the many with the happiness of the individual. Question options: a)  desire b)  happiness c)  misfortune d)  pain Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 points Mill believed there are two causes to an unsatisfactory life: _________ and lack of mental cultivation. Question options: a)  selfishness b)  honesty c)  pride d)  deceit Question 4 2.5 / 2.5 points According to Mill, the __________ of experienced people is to be used to determine which pleasures will truly bring happiness. Question options: a)  religion b)  intelligence c)  consensus d)  monetary worth Question 5 2.5 / 2.5 points _____________, according to Mill, is defined as caring only for oneself, which leads to unhappiness. Question options: a)  Selfishness b)  Malice c)  Greed d)  Gluttony Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 points The notion of utility, sometimes called ________, was coined by Jeremy Bentham. Question options: a)  consequentialism b)  virtue c)  pleasure d)  formalism Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 points Consequentialism is based on the notion of __________, according to which all people are motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Question options: a)  stoicism b)  formalism c)  hedonism d)  determinism Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 points A person not coming to the aid of a fellow human being (the Bad Samaritan) is illustrated by which of the following examples in your book? Question options: a)  The Somali pirates taking hostages b)  David Cash not coming to the aid of a seven-year-old girl who was murdered by Jeremy Strohmeyer c)  The Ring of Gyges d)  The CSI effect on offenders Question 9 2.5 / 2.5 points Utilitarianism requires a person to be strictly __________ and a disinterested spectator in assessing his or her own happiness versus that of others. Question options: a)  impartial b)  selfish c)  truthful d)  practical Question 10 2.5 / 2.5 points Consequentialism was originated by Jeremy Bentham and can also be found in the writings of: Question options: a)  John Locke. b)  Cesar Beccaria. c)  John Milton. d)  Aristotle. Question 11 2.5 / 2.5 points Utilitarianism does not view ________ as relevant in determining the morality of an action. Question options: a)  impartiality b)  honesty c)  motivation d)  duty Question 12 2.5 / 2.5 points Mill focused on utility. His approach is __________ because it decides ethical questions based on the good that results from an action. Question options: a)  deontological b)  teleological c)  universal d)  practical Question 13 2.5 / 2.5 points Utilitarianism has been criticized for not being ________ or _______ in weighing consequences of one's actions prior to engaging in the conduct. Question options: a)  honest; exact b)  helpful; precise c)  practical; timely d)  complete; objective Question 14 2.5 / 2.5 points Mill recognized that not all pleasures are __________ and that clearly some are more valuable and desirable than others. Question options: a)  equal b)  clear c)  worthwhile d)  evil Question 15 2.5 / 2.5 points Like Mill, Peter Singer's views have been criticized for their consequentialist perspective, relying on outcomes rather than __________ principles. Question options: a)  formalistic b)  virtuous c)  a priori d)  intellectual Question 16 2.5 / 2.5 points According to Mill, a bad act does not necessarily indicate a bad person, and a good act does not necessarily mean a person is: Question options: a)  virtuous. b)  good. c)  kind. d)  bad. Question 17 2.5 / 2.5 points According to the central principle of ______, actions are right in proportion, as they tend to promote happiness, and wrong, as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (pain). Question options: a)  intellect b)  pleasure c)  virtue d)  utility Question 18 2.5 / 2.5 points Utilitarianism has been summarized as declaring that the end justifies the: Question options: a)  delivery. b)  pain. c)  pleasure. d)  means. Question 19 2.5 / 2.5 points One criticism levied against utilitarianism is which of the following? Question options: a)  People are only ethical when someone is watching them. b)  People weigh the consequences of their actions in a self-serving way. c)  One must read the Old and New Testaments to be ethical. d)  Utilitarianism worked during the Industrial Revolution, but it has no place in modern society. Question 20 2.5 / 2.5 points Which of the following statement is TRUE about formalism? Question options: a)  Only the outcome of a decision matters. b)  Personal inclinations have no moral value. c)  Good conduct cannot be prescribed. d)  Weigh how the consequences of your actions affect others. Question 21 2.5 / 2.5 points Miller has called the police four times on his neighbors. He complains they smoke pot and play loud music after midnight. Miller is complaining about offenses that impact: Question options: a)  his beliefs about right and wrong. b)  his quality of life. c)  his neighborhood. d)  his moral boundaries. Question 22 2.5 / 2.5 points Which individual studied with Kohlberg initially? Question options: a)  Carol Gilligan b)  John Stuart Mill c)  Piaget d)  Emile Durkheim Question 23 2.5 / 2.5 points Jim Crow laws, Japanese internment laws, and the laws of Nazi Germany all illustrate which paradigm of law that arises in society? Question options: a)  Structural b)  Consensus c)  Ethical d)  Conflict Question 24 2.5 / 2.5 points According to Kohlberg, a person achieves a universal understanding of morals at which stage of development? Question options: a)  Teen b)  Adulthood c)  School age d)  Preteen Question 25 2.5 / 2.5 points Which individual took body measurements of incarcerated Italian offenders and determined that some individuals are "born criminals"? Question options: a)  Luigi Venedetti b)  Lawrence Kohlberg c)  Jeremy Bentham d)  Cesare Lombroso Question 26 2.5 / 2.5 points New York City experienced a remarkable drop in crime during the late 1990s because of aggressive police tactics against: Question options: a)  violent crimes. b)  car theft. c)  quality of life. d)  weapons offenses. Question 27 2.5 / 2.5 points __________ is the concept that states people only give up some of their liberties to the government and entrust the government to intervene in the lives of citizens only in cases where it is absolutely necessary. Question options: a)  Behold the Criminal b)  Stages of Moral Development c)  An Essay on Crimes and Punishment d)  Ethics of Caring Question 28 2.5 / 2.5 points Some criminals in contemporary society use __________ to justify minor, self-serving acts of ethical misconduct? Question options: a)  "Don't sweat the small stuff" b)  "It is what it is" c)  "You can't always get what you want" d)  "No harm, no foul" Question 29 2.5 / 2.5 points Explanations of crime are grouped into four major types. Which of the following is NOT one of these types? Question options: a)  Structural b)  Consensus c)  Ethical d)  Positivism Question 30 2.5 / 2.5 points According to ______________, the classical and positivist schools of thought are inadequate to account for criminal behavior. Question options: a)  ethics b)  structure c)  consensus d)  conflict Question 31 2.5 / 2.5 points Carl Kotchian, the former president of Lockheed Corporation, did which of the following? Question options: a)  He murdered his wife and went to prison. b)  He planted explosive aboard a plane bound for London. c)  He retired from Lockheed and sold trade secret information to competitors. d)  He made covert, but legal payments to Japanese officials to sell airplanes. Question 32 2.5 / 2.5 points On the nightly news, a criminologist argues, "It is no surprise that the prisons are filled largely with poor and powerless people, rather than the middle and upper class." This is an example of the _________________ explanation of crime. Question options: a)  positivism b)  consensus c)  ethical d)  structural/conflict Question 33 2.5 / 2.5 points According to Gilligan's Ethics of Care, there is a gender difference in how moral thinking develops. What is that difference? Question options: a)  Only females are capable of developing an ethics of care. b)  Women would never steal to save the life of Heinz's wife. c)  Males make decisions in terms of care and responsibility; females make decisions in terms of justice and rights. d)  Females make decisions in terms of care and responsibility; males make decisions in terms of justice and rights. Question 34 0 / 2.5 points The prescribed remedy for criminal behavior according to the classical school of thought is: Question options: a)  deterrence. b)  rehabilitation. c)  education. d)  equitable distribution of wealth Question 35 2.5 / 2.5 points According to the ____________ theory, individuals commit crime because they are influenced by a series of internal and external biological, sociological, and psychological factors. Question options: a)  positivism b)  consensus c)  ethical d)  structural Question 36 2.5 / 2.5 points Lacking education in ethical decision-making, people often do what comes naturally: they resort to decisions based on self-interest rather than on the greater interest of the community. This premise is based on which explanation of criminal behavior? Question options: a)  Structural/Conflict b)  Classical c)  Ethical d)  Positivist Question 37 0 / 2.5 points In general terms, the criminal law can be said to arise due to __________or __________. Question options: a)  knowledge; ethics b)  pleasure; pain c)  consensus; conflict d)  controversy; agreement Question 38 0 / 2.5 points Alabama prevents students from carrying electronic beepers and cell phones without written parental permission. Proponents argue that these devices are used by drug dealers, distract students, and disrupt the classroom. To which ethical theory do the proponents subscribe? Question options: a)  Moral relativism b)  Ethical formalism c)  Utilitarianism d)  The Classical School of Thought Question 39 2.5 / 2.5 points ____________, one of the founders of sociology, stated in 1893 that an act is criminal "when it offends strong and defined states of the collective conscience." Question options: a)  Lawrence Kohlberg b)  Cesar Beccaria c)  Jeremy Bentham d)  Emile Durkheim Question 40 0 / 2.5 points Separating children from their parents who enter the United States illegally, and then housing them in separate detention centers, demonstrates which paradigm of law? Question options: a)  Consensus b)  Classical c)  Conflict d)  Ethical Attempt Score: 90 / 100 - 90 % Overall Grade (highest attempt): 90 / 100 - 90 % Done