NURS 225 Nutrition Proctored Notes_LATEST | NURS225 Nutrition Proctored Notes

NURS 225 Nutrition Proctored Notes Nutrition proctored Ch 1 3 macronutrients in the foods we eat • Carbs • Protein • Fat Carbs Should make up 45-65% of calories Function: • Provide energy • Help regulate fat and protein metabolism • Cardiac and CNS functioning • Carbs provide 4 cal per gram of energy Glycogen Def: stored carb energy in liver and muscle ad is released in between meals to help regulate blood sugar levels Fiber 25 g 38 g /day men Protein 10-35 % of calories 0.8 g/per kg of body weight Function: tissue building, metabolism, immune function, maintain neutral nitrogen balance, wound healing Complete proteins have essential amounts of all 9 essential amino acids Found in Animal sources and soy There are also incomplete proteins Provide 4 cal/g of energy Protein energy malnutrition • Koashacore • Marasmus Lipids/ fats • 20-35% daily calories • Less than 10% from sat fats and ideal less than 7% • Stored energy for body, padding and insulation, hormone production and fat soluble vitamins. • Cholesterol limited to 200-300 mg/day • 9 cal/ g of energy Vitamins Fat-soluble and water Water Vit c and B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, folate, cobalamin Vitamin C • Tissue building • Metabolism • Iron absorption * Found in • Fruits and citrus juices • Tomatoes • Green leafy peppers Deficiency Scurvy Bleeding Joint pain Swollen gums Times of stress and illness ^ Smokers need more B complex Metabolism ‘engery Nerve functions Foods Meats Milk Grains Whole grains Lumens Green leafy vegs Deficiency Thyamin B1 – Berry berry – common with ETOH Riboflavin B2 – chilosis, glositits Folate – neuro inutero defects Cobalamin B12 – pernicious anemia Intrinsic factor lacking can cause lack of B12 absorpt. Fat-soluble ADEK Carry a risk of toxicity bc they are stored in the body for a a long time. So you can over dose. Conditions that impair the absorption of fat-s vitamins • cystic fibrosis • ciliac • chrons A Vision Skeletal and soft tissue Foods Orange and yellow fruits and veggies Fish Eggs Liver Dairy Deficiency Vision issues Sarathalmia – dry cornea or conjunctiva D Absorption of calcium and phosphorus Key role in bone mineral absorption Source Sunlight Milk Fish Eggs Deficiency Rickets Bone loss E Antioxidant Foods Fat foods – veg oils, nuts, drk green vegs and whole grains Deficiency (rade) muscle pain, weakness and poor balance K Blood clotting and bone maint, Found Drk green veg Carrots Eggs Deficiency Increased bleeding time Antidote for warfarin or Coumadin Electrolytes Na 136-145 Func: Maint of fluid balance and nerve and muscle function Found Salt and processed food Hypernutremia • Hypervolemia • HTN Hyponutremia • Confusion * elderly • Muscle cramp • N/V • Ha K 3.5-5 Funct: maintains ICF, nerve and help reg musle and heart contraction Foods • Bananas • Potatoes • Oranges • Dried fruit • Avos • Drk green veg HyperKalema • Dysryhtmias • Muscle weak • Tingling • N/V • Numbness • Confusion HypoKalemia • Dysrhythmias • Muscle cramps • Constipation Cl – Chloride = 98-106 Func: digestion and maintain ICF and ECF - - - - - - - - Continued